This paper explores the urban grid of downtown Baghdad City through a scientific and quantifiable approach. The research methodology includes case study application Space Syntax, which offers various measures to describe spatial properties areas produces specific, computable data related concepts integration segregation. selected grid, spans one-kilometer square, was analyzed at several levels ...

BACKGROUND Exposure metrics that identify spatial contrasts in multipollutant air quality are needed to better understand multipollutant geographies and health effects from air pollution. Our aim is to improve understanding of: (1) long-term spatial distributions of multiple pollutants; and (2) demographic characteristics of populations residing within areas of differing air quality. METHODS ...

This work presents results of studies on secondary school adolescents inhabiting two regions of Warsaw: Sródmiescie district (Downtown) and Miedzylesie (Wawer district - Vicinity), conducted in 2006. These two districts significantly differ according to air pollution, which is much higher in Downtown than in Vicinity. The sample consists of 219 boys and 225 girls aged 13-16 years. The measureme...

Population is steadily increasing worldwide resulting in intractable traffic congestion in urban dense areas. Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) has shown strong potential to effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion by adjusting the signal timing plans in real-time in response to traffic fluctuations to achieve desirable objectives (e.g., minimize delay).The problem of coordinated ATS...

Twelve months of automated hourly pedestrian counts in downtown Montpelier, Vermont (pop. 8,035) were analyzed along with weather data (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind) to determine the factors affecting count variability. The study is unique in that a large amount of data in a single location was collected in a locale with an extreme range of weather conditions. Results...

Continuous measurements of 03, CO, NOy, and SO2 and twice a day samples of hydrocarbons were made over a 40 day period in June and July 1995 at the downtown Nashville Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) site located on the rooftop of the Polk office building, 106 m above ground level, in the urban center. This site experiences elevated concentrations of VOCs, CO, and NOy due to local emissions from t...

This study describes the spatial distribution pattern of Lu. longipalpis abundance in Posadas-Garupá, Argentina, where four cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis had been recorded. A total of 2428 Lu. longipalpis were captured in 42% of the 305 sites sampled with CDC light traps, its abundance shows spatial autocorrelation ranging up to 590 m (semivariogram model), with six downtown 'islands' o...

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS A study was undertaken to verify reports of an increasing presence of crack in downtown Montréal, and to investigate the influence of crack availability on current drug use patterns among street-based cocaine users. DESIGN AND METHODS The study combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. These included long-term intensive participant observation carried out by an...

On 24 August 2016, a Mw 6.0 earthquake started damaging seismic sequence in central Italy. The historical center of Amatrice village reached the XI degree (MCS scale) but high vulnerability alone could not explain heavy damage. Unfortunately, at time only AMT station, 200 m away from downtown, recorded mainshock, whereas tens temporary stations were installed afterwards. We propose method to si...

In the area of infectious disease control, Canadian research efforts to address the HIV epidemic in Vancouver's Downtown East Side neighbourhood have fueled the development of harm reduction and health equity perspectives worldwide. These research efforts have, in turn, reshaped the field of public health approaches to HIV prevention and control. As a result of the intensive and sustained resea...