In the atmospheric boundary layer that is affected by turbulent motions and inhomogeneous surface chemical emissions, short-lived reactive species may not be completely mixed within any given airmass. Coarse models, which assume complete mixing each grid-box, overestimate rates at react. We used a large eddy simulation (LES) model embedded in Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) to assess influen...

Urban planning and design offer opportunities to nudge people towards more active behavior. This is a popular topic among urbanists health professionals, with several guidelines best practices already developed. However, gap exists between theory practice the complex realization process of such environments rarely documented. In this study, we investigated designing, implementing, evaluating ur...

Offensive urban combat is one of the most difficult tasks soldiers are called upon to perform (USMC 1998). Urban combat is characterized by building-to-building and room-to-room fighting, and even a vastly outnumbered defensive force can inflict significant casualties on attacking forces. Effective, frequent training is an essential element in reducing casualties in urban combat. However, train...

In the past, there has been a tremendous progress in the area of autonomous robot navigation and a large variety of robots have been developed who demonstrated robust navigation capabilities indoors, in non-urban outdoor environments, or on roads and relatively few approaches focus on navigation in urban environments such as city centers. Urban areas, however, introduce numerous challenges for ...

In situ electromagnetic (EM) radio frequency (RF) exposure to base stations of emerging wireless technologies is assessed at 311 locations, 68 indoor and 243 outdoor, spread over 35 areas in three European countries (Belgium, The Netherlands, and Sweden) by performing narrowband spectrum analyzer measurements. The locations are selected to characterize six different environmental categories (ru...

Introduction The wide use of computer graphics in games, entertainment, medical, architectural and cultural applications, has led it to becoming a prevalent area of research. At the current stage of technology, users can interactively navigate through complex, polygon-based scenes rendered with sophisticated lighting effects and high quality antialiasing techniques. Animated characters (or agen...

In this paper we address the problem of finding paths for small groups of characters in an urban environment taking tactical information into account. This approach presents a way to plan the paths using an existing road map and extending this to a network of corridors. The road map is searched for a globally useful path, after which the corresponding corridors are traversed to find a tacticall...