Following Partition and the formation of Pakistan people have adapted to tremendous changes in their material circumstances and in their political, economic and social life, particularly in urban areas. Important resources that have helped support urban adaptation are the institutions of the family and its reproduction through arranging marriages1. Despite considerable change in the morphology ...

From 1 December 1988 through 28 February 1991, 7,290 rectal swab specimens received in our laboratory were screened for Yersinia enterocolitica. A total of 76 patients had Y. enterocolitica isolated from their stool samples. Of these patients, 59 (77.6%) were 12 months old or younger. Y. enterocolitica was second only to Salmonella spp. in this age group. Routine screening for Y. enterocolitica...

We present a unique urban computing testbed for studying the utilization of ubiquitous computing technology in the public urban space of a city center. The testbed comprises of a wide range of pervasive computing infrastructure and different middleware resources. We demonstrate the applicability and benefits of the testbed in evaluating technology pilots and prototyping new ubiquitous services ...

Let us call a lattice path in Z × Z from (0, 0) to (n, 0) using U = (1, k), D = (1,−1), and H = (a, 0) steps and never going below the x-axis a (k, a)-path (of order n). A super (k, a)-path is a (k, a)-path which is permitted to go below the x-axis. We relate the total number of humps in all of the (k, a)paths of order n to the number of super (k, a)-paths, where a hump is defined to be a seque...

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Mobile traverses were used to conduct air temperature observations to clarify the effect of land cover on ambient air temperatures. The study area was located in a suburb of the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. The mobile traverses were conducted at 2 h intervals between 10:00 h on one day and 08:00 h the next day, on selected days from October 2006 to March 2008, for a total of 30 d. We observe...

This paper deals with the theoretical analysis of Devanagari script according to machine recognition perspective. An individual having good knowledge of the script of a language can easily read some words written on a paper pertaining to that script, though these are expressed in very bad manner, on the basis of his/her mental dictionary. Such words may not be easy to read through a machine as ...

Urban Exploration (U.E.), the activity of exploring hidden parts of the city, is increasingly discussed in a range of academic papers, yet the aspects of this activity which are associated with travel and consumption have not been explored. However, there have been a number of related calls for research. This paper identifies that U.E. requires greater critical inquiry. It is noted that U.E. dr...

Urban ecosystem health assessments can be applied extensively in urban management to evaluate the status quo of the urban ecosystem, identify the limiting factors, identify key problems, optimize the scheme and guide ecological regulation. Regarding the multi-layer roles of urban ecosystems, urban ecosystem health should be assessed at different scales with each assessment providing a specific ...

The creation of the built environment has not only been determined by physical and natural resources there is often an underlying cultural value attached to creation of traditional spaces [1]. As culture varies from one community to another; so the cultural meaning and use of space will also be different. A community’s identity will thus be formed in the way they build and more interestingly, t...