background: prenatal care consists of a series of clinical visits and services offered to pregnant women throughout the ante-partum period. despite advances in the extent of prenatal care use in iran, some women still avoid using these services. it is therefore very important to investigate the prevalence of prenatal care use, and to identifythe factorsassociated with it. objective: this study ...

Urban planning statistics and evaluation is necessary for healthy and sustainable development of cities. However, it is not an easy task to perform statistics and evaluation because of the complexity of urban planning and the various involved data. In this paper, a GIS-based statistics and evaluation system is proposed to meet the unique requirements of the system, including multiple data type,...

Local government is constitutionally mandated to provide basic services to communities within a three-sphere decentralised system of governance. Schedules 4B and 5B of the Constitution of South Africa (Act No. 106 of 1996) assign an array of expenditure responsibilities to the country’s 283 municipalities.97 The most essential of these is the provision of water, sanitation and electricity servi...

In recent years, with the rapid economic growth and concentration of the population into urban areas, some unregulated developments have been conducted in urban areas in Southeast Asian countries, so that their governments are under the pressure of necessity to develop an adequate operation of urban planning systems. Not all of the Southeast Asian countries, however, always have appropriate tec...

Based on Geography Information System and Virtual Reality technology, a new system of collaborative urban planning and design is established by publishing the future urban developing and planning information in the urban government Website. With the help of the plug-ins supplied by the system, the citizens concerning with public affairs can interact easily with the server in 3D virtual environm...

The effects of 'natural' disasters in cities can be worse than in other environments, with poor and marginalised urban communities in the developing world being most at risk. To avoid post-disaster destruction and the forced eviction of these communities, proactive and preventive urban planning, including housing, is required. This paper examines current perceptions and practices within interna...

background: because of unemployment and inadequate education and health services, high rate of maternal and infant mortalities, a rapidly growing population is a serious problem in turkey. social values and attitudes of women might be effective in using modern family planning methods. our aim in this study was to evaluate the factors concerning the attitudes of married women toward family plann...

This paper presents an approach to quantifying current and future city-wide flood risks to Ho Chi Minh City. Here urban planning scenarios linking urban development and climate change explore the main driving forces of future risk. According to the redefined role of urban environmental planning in times of climate change, spatial planning needs to go beyond traditional planning approaches to br...