Considering the high costs of the implementation and maintenance of gas distribution networks in urban areas, optimal design of such networks is vital. Today, urban gas networks are implemented within a tree structure. These networks receive gas from City Gate Stations (CGS) and deliver it to the consumers. This study presents a comprehensive model based on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (...

The network metaphor in the analysis of urban and territorial cases has a long tradition, especially in transportation or land-use planning and economic geography. More recently, urban design has brought its contribution by means of the `space syntax' methodology. All these approachesöthough under different terms like `accessibility', `proximity', `integration' `connectivity', `cost', or `effor...

The purpose of this research was to investigate rural-urban differences in participation rates in three modes of active commuting (AC) and their built environmental correlates. The 2010 Census supplemented with other datasets were used to analyze AC rates in percent of workers age 16+ walking, biking, or taking public transportation to work in 70,172 Census tracts, including 12,844 rural and 57...

The influence of large sub urban shopping center toward the decline of inner city commercial center has attracted many researchers. To prevent the decline of the city center due to urban sprawl, it is necessary to understand the influence of sub urban shopping mall development in competition with the city commercial center. This paper reports the investigation on the transportation effect on th...

ÐThe form of a city has a major impact on the lifestyles of its residents. As urban centers grow, careful strategies are required to ensure that the regional quality of life is not adversely a€ected by this growth. An important strategic consideration is transportation planning. Questions regarding the sustainability of dispersed car dependent urban forms have led to a renewed interest in publi...

PURPOSE Comparison of TB incidence in young and middle age group between urban/surrounding area and other area. MATERIAL & METHODS TB incidence in young and middle age group by sex, nationality, labor status and prefecture is calculated with data of National Population Survey and TB surveillance in 2005. Risk factors of TB infection/break down such as public transportation, poverty, populatio...

The intelligent and self-adaptive urban traffic signal control (TSC) system has become a development trend of intelligent transportation system (ITS). The most city dwellers are concerned with the urban traffic issues very much. So, to provide a self awareness and adaptive facilities in traffic signal control system is become more and more urgent. However, many roadway and traffic applications ...

This article reviews quantitative and qualitative trends in urban transportation and environment, focusing on developing countries. Reviewing recent efforts to look at transportation, the article adopts a definition of “sustainable transportation” that includes economic and environmental sustainability as well as equity as key criteria. It is argued that governance sustainability is also import...

In the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and for longer durations with added severity. This becomes especially true in large metropolitan areas. Particular to the urban areas, excessive crowdedness caused by inefficient traffic control also results in urban street networks operating in near or over-s...