Background: Uremic toxins are typically measured in plasma and little is known of their interstitial concentrations. We undertook experiments to validate a microdialysis technique for simultaneous recovery of small and large uremic toxins in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid (ISF). Methods: Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the subcutaneous interstitium of 8 subjects (controls and ur...

The analytical technique described in the preceding three papers lends itself peculiarly well to the determination of total uncoagulable nitrogen, urea and ammonia in blood, milk, eggs and other liquids where we are dealing with minute amounts of these different constituents. In two earlier papers results obtained by adaptations of these methods to blood analysis were published.’ The procedures...

Separation and determination of sample constituents by capillary isotachophoresis are entirely based on physical phenomena. The method has therefore been proposed as a universal reference method for ionic constituents. The present paper shows that even neutral species can be adequately determined after suitable preceding reactions. Urea was completely hydrolysed by urease (EC 3.5.1.5) to ammoni...

The total dialysis dose, expressed as Kt/V, has been widely recognized to be a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in hemodialyzed patients. Many different factors influence the correct determination of Kt/V, such as urea sequestration in different body compartments, access and cardiopulmonary recirculation. These factors are responsible for urea rebound after the end of the hemodialys...

objective(s): because of the high total phenolic contents of feijoa sellowiana , its nephroprotective effect was determined in 3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine (mdma) treated mice.   materials and methods: animals received 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses of aqueous or methanol extract of f. sellowiana leaves, intra-peritoneally. after one hour, an acute administration of mdma (20 mg/kg, ip) was inj...

I propose a single, quick method for measuring ammonia in urine and urea in plasma and urine. An ammonia-selective electrodie is used, set up on a microcell, which allows use of small sample volumes. Ammonia is measured directly after partial conversion of ammonium ions to NH3. Urea is measured after its hydrolysis by urease. With urine, the two procedures can be carried out successively in the...

PURPOSE of this report is to present a rapid method for the determination of urea in blood and urine based upon the urea-pdimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction. Ehrlich, Rhode, Brocher, Weltmann and Barrenscheen, and Werner (1-5) reported on numerous substances that form red, orange, violet, and yellow interaction complexes with p-dhnethylaminobenzaldehyde. Activated carbon has the specific proper...

Fractionation of serum alkaline phosphatase by either biochemical or electrophoretic techniques is often insufficient to determine the source of the elevated serum enzyme. In 31 unselected patients with high serum alkaline phosphatase a simultaneous determination of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion rates was performed, in addition to urea denaturation and...

The apparatus invented by Dr. Luigj Benusi in 1943, in Tirana, was a practical application of the Kowarsky technique and Ambard laws, helping in determining blood urea levels and very important to a variety of diseases, mainly kidney disorders. The apparatus was invented and prepared from very simple laboratory materials, such as glasses, test tubes, corks and volumetric cylinders. Technologica...

The activation of human plasminogen in a 25% glycerol medium was carried out with low molar ratios of urokinase, streptokinase, trypsin, and pig heart activator. Starch gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea at pH 3.2 showed that each of the four plasmins possessed the same electrophoretic mobility. Upon reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol in 8 M urea, each plasmin was found to contain two major, electro...