To test whether endogenous opioid peptides are involved in the behavioral and physiological responses of cattle to stress, 12 Holstein cows were either placed in social isolation in unfamiliar surroundings for 15 min or remained in their home stalls, either with or without naloxone treatment, following a Latin square design. Vocalizations (judged as high or low frequency), defecation/urination,...

From 45 to 55 days after birth, male and female rats were treated via daily intraperitoneal injections with either isotonic saline, or 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine. When 72-82 and 112-122 days old, their activity and emotional reactivity were assessed by means of frequencies of rearing, ambulation, immobility, defecation and urination recorded in an open field, as well as their occupancy of corners ...

The aim of this research was to study the effect of heat stress on behaviour and physiological parameters with eighteen goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. The consideration of this experiment was taken on Post weaning Osmanabadi kids i.e after 3 months of age. Three groups were divided basing on the duration of grazing on pasture land to make distinguish on the me...

Cholinergic agents elicit prominent smooth muscle contractions via stimulation of muscarinic receptors that comprise five distinct subtypes (M1-M5). Although such contractions are important for autonomic organs, the role of each subtype has not been characterized precisely because of the poor selectivity of the currently available muscarinic ligands. Here, we generated a mutant mouse line (M2-/...

Cabbage contains the glucosinolate sinigrin, which is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to allyl isothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates are thought to inhibit the development of cancer cells by a number of mechanisms. The effect of cooking cabbage on isothiocyanate production from glucosinolates during and after their ingestion was examined in human subjects. Each of 12 healthy human volunteers consumed three ...

BACKGROUND Urine sample collection for doping control tests is a key component of the World Anti-Doping Agency's fight against doping in sport. However, a substantial number of athletes experience difficulty when having to urinate under supervision. Furthermore, it cannot always be ensured that athletes are actually delivering their own urine. A method that can be used to alleviate the negative...

The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is thought to be a key molecule in the regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) dynamics. The relative importance of the two Ca(2+) transport modes of NCX activity leading to Ca(2+) efflux (forward) and influx (reverse) in smooth muscle, however, remains unclear. Unexpectedly, spontaneous contractions of urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) were enhanced in transgenic mic...

BACKGROUND The chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the commonest chronic inflammatory diseases in adult men, for which acupuncture has been used to relieve related symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the long-needle acupuncture on CP/CPPS. METHODS A randomized traditional acupuncture-controlled single blind study was conduct...

Purpose: A bladder control system for spinal cord injured (SCI) patients is needed that can be implanted with minimally invasive methods. New Permaloc bipolar electrodes consisting of 6 mm helical, wire, stimulating surfaces separated by 3 mm and a polypropylene securing barb (Synapse Biomedical Inc) were developed for this application. They are implanted on the bladder wall with a 16 gauge nee...

A spontaneous intoxication in 34 horses after intake of freshly harvested ensiled maize, accidentally contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants was followed. In a 7-day study, the full clinical status was monitored and this included among others the following: body (rectal) temperature, respiratory and heart rates, colour and humidity of visible mucosae, changes in pupil size, appetite, ...