The most abundant transition metal in biological systems is iron. It is incorporated into protein cofactors and serves either catalytic, redox or regulatory purposes. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria rely heavily on iron-containing proteins - especially cytochromes - for their energy conservation, which occurs within a unique organelle, the anammoxosome. Both their anaerobic life...

The purpose of this work was to evaluate differences in dose resulting from the use of copper aperture inserts compared to lead-alloy (Cerrobend) aperture inserts for electron beam therapy. Specifically, this study examines if copper aperture inserts can be used clinically with the same commissioning data measured using lead-alloy aperture inserts. The copper inserts were acquired from .decimal...

Nitrogen fixation is an essential process that biologically transforms atmospheric dinitrogen gas to ammonia, therefore compensating for nitrogen losses occurring via denitrification and anammox. Currently, inputs and losses of nitrogen to the ocean resulting from these processes are thought to be spatially separated: nitrogen fixation takes place primarily in open ocean environments (mainly th...

ABSTRACT The experiments carried out proved possibility for implementation of deamonification process in membrane-assisted bioreactor. At the temperature above 30°C, dissolved oxygen concentration below 0.8 mg O2/L and at the very low contents of biodegradable organic compounds within 1 month of process operation stable nitrite and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reached at the levels resp...

BACKGROUND Polyamines have various biological functions including marked effects on the structure and function of genomic DNA molecules. Changes in the higher-order structure of DNA caused by polyamines are expected to be closely related to genetic activity. To clarify this issue, we examined the relationship between gene expression and the higher-order structure of DNA under different polyamin...

The polyamines spermidine and spermine and their diamine precursor putrescine are essential for mammalian cell growth and viability, and strategies are sought for reducing polyamine levels in order to inhibit cancer growth. Several structural analogues of the polyamines have been found to decrease natural polyamine levels and inhibit cell growth, probably by stimulating normal feedback mechanis...

Identification of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria by molecular tools aimed at the evaluation of bacterial diversity in autotrophic nitrogen removal systems is limited by the difficulty to design universal primers for theBacteria domain able to amplify the anammox 16S rRNA genes. Ametagenomic analysis (pyrosequencing) of total bacterial diversity including anammox population in f...

Nutrient measurements indicate that 30-50% of the total nitrogen (N) loss in the ocean occurs in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). This pelagic N-removal takes place within only ~0.1% of the ocean volume, hence moderate variations in the extent of OMZs due to global warming may have a large impact on the global N-cycle. We examined the effect of oxygen (O(2)) on anammox, NH(3) oxidation and NO(3)(-)...

Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are able to oxidize ammonia and reduce nitrite to produce N2 gas. After being discovered in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), anammox bacteria were subsequently characterized in natural environments, including marine, estuary, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. Although anammox bacteria play an important role in removing fixed N from both eng...

The discovery of six specimens of the enigmatic order Siphoniulida, including for the first time males, prompted a modern re-analysis of current phylogenetic schemes for the class Diplopoda derived from traditional morphological and developmental characters. The data matrix was constructed and analysed using paup. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses corroborated the longest standing, traditio...