We address the problem of evaluating textual, task-oriented dialogues between the customer and the helpdesk, such as those that take the form of online chats. As an initial step towards evaluating automatic helpdesk dialogue systems, we have constructed a test collection comprising 3,700 real Customer-Helpdesk multiturn dialogues by mining Weibo, a major Chinese social media. We have annotated ...

This research determines types of non-observance maxim in influencing the implicatures arose and analyze characters' utterances. is library which data are collected from a movie script presented qualitative descriptive approach. The subject this study Cruella that was released 2021. obtained by watching, screenshotting scenes, reading highlighting In executing data, firstly identifying secondly...

This paper investigates the systematic relatedness between the concessive –to (or mo)-marked polarity phenomenon and the high tone –nun (or wa)-marked Contrastive Topic phenomenon with respect to underlying concessivity and thereby derived scalarity. I also investigate the scalar features of the exhaustivity focus marker –man (or dake) in inherently scalar numeral, quantifier and predicate cont...

This paper addresses implicit opinions expressed via inference over explicit sentiments and events that positively/negatively affect entities (goodFor/badFor, gfbf events). We incorporate the inferences developed by implicature rules into an optimization framework, to jointly improve sentiment detection toward entities and disambiguate components of gfbf events. The framework simultaneously bea...

The project aims at comparing typical and autistic participants with respect to their processing of the scalar implicature not all associated with the weak quantifier some. Highfunctioning autists often show atypical performance with respect to pragmatic aspects of language processing, including difficulties with the processing of defeasible reasoning, pragmatic inferences and linguistic inform...

At least also introduces an implication of speaker ignorance ([9, 1, 12, 19]). (1) conveys that the speaker is uncertain about the exact number of cooks Al hired. In one view, pioneered by Büring ([1]), this ignorance implication is a Gricean Quantity implicature. Büring proposes to capitalize on a striking similarity between at least and disjunction. Just like 1, 3 below lacks the upper-boundi...

Since Horn (1972) the notion of conversational implicature proposed by Grice has been put to use to explain certain interpretive differences between expressions in natural language and their counterparts in formal logic. For example, the sentences in (1) seem to convey more than they would be expected to if the natural language disjunction or had the same meaning as the logical disjunction∨, or...

According to some pragmatists, certain conversational implicatures of an uttered sentence may be composed into the truth-conditional content of more complex constructions (e.g. conditionals or comparatives) in which that sentence is embedded. I present two arguments against this view, the one based on the intuitive (in)validity of arguments couched in natural language, the other on the (in)cohe...

Little experimental evidence exists for how prosodic/ intonational information might affect the generation of an implicature. We provide online evidence that the combination of an L+H* pitch accent and an L−H% boundary tone work together to imply a contradiction, and that this contour has distinct effects from an L+H* L−L% tune. We also compare the online processing of changes in meaning sugges...

This paper presents an approach for achieving conciseness in generating explanations, which is clone by exploiting formal reconstructions of aspects of the Gricean principle of relevance to simulate conversational implicature. By applying contextually motivated inference rules in an anticipation feed-back loop, a set of propositions explicitly representing an explanation's content is reduced to...