Introduction (1) Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (1 : 6000 newborns) [1] Degeneration of anterior horn cells (motor neurons) in the spinal cord Weakness and muscular atrophy Four types of SMA SMA type II is characterized by the ability to maintain an unsupported sitting position. In patients with SMA type II: • problems with mouth opening, chewing, swallowing (more with solid food) and choking mo...

BACKGROUND Masticatory functioning alters with age. However, mastication has been found to be related to, for example, cognitive functioning, food intake, and some aspects of activities of daily living. Since cognitive functioning and activities of daily living show a decline in older adults with dementia, improving masticatory functioning may be of relevance to them. A possible way to improve ...

We show in any economy trading options, with investors having mean-variance preferences, that there are arbitrage opportunities resulting from negative prices for out of the money call options. The theoretical implication of this inconsistency is that mean-variance analysis is vacuous. The practical implications of this inconsistency are investigated by developing an option pricing model for a ...

Cholinergic hypofunction was believed to be associated with the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia, and therefore, anticholinergic treatment might exacerbate the condition. We describe herein a middle-aged male with feeble chewing movements, involuntary rolling motions of the tongue, and abnormally tightened cheeks which developed after consuming different psychotropic medications. These sympto...

Nigropallidal encephalomalacia was diagnosed in two horses in northern Victoria that had a history of long-term pasture access to a dense growth of Rhaponticum repens. The region in which the affected horses lived had received well above average rainfall for several months preceding the poisoning. Affected horses had sudden onset of subcutaneous oedema of the head, impaired prehension and masti...

A linkage-based chewing device is proposed to perform standardised chewing for use in food evaluation. The linkage for chewing is firstly specified in terms of the trajectory of the first molar and the chewing force, according to the in vivo measurements of the human chewing ranging from grinding (or lateral chewing) to crunching (or vertical chewing). A fourbar linkage is synthesized to achiev...

Speech is robustly audiovisual from early in infancy. Here we show that audiovisual speech perception in 4.5-month-old infants is influenced by sensorimotor information related to the lip movements they make while chewing or sucking. Experiment 1 consisted of a classic audiovisual matching procedure, in which two simultaneously displayed talking faces (visual [i] and [u]) were presented with a ...

A 9-year-old male child presented with a gradually increasing swelling of left cheek for 3 months associated with pain for initial few days. There was no history of fever, anorexia, any discharge from swelling, difficulty in chewing or swallowing. Child had received multiple courses of oral antimicrobials. Family history revealed possible contact with tuberculosis. Child had received BCG vaccin...