The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for quality improvement by considering quality investment in rework policies and supply chain profit sharing. To improve product’s quality, the decision of process target and its tolerance is important since it directly affects the defective rate, manufacturing cost, and loss to customer due to the deviation of product from its specifica...

This paper examines changes in drug utilization following Taiwan's newly implemented National Health Insurance (NHI) outpatient prescription drug cost-sharing program for persons over 65 years old. The study is a hospital outpatient prescription level analysis that adopts a pretest-posttest control group experiment design. Selected measures of outpatient prescription drug utilization are examin...

human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine recently has been added to the iran drug list, decision makers need information beyond that available from rcts to recommend funding for this vaccination program to add it to the national immunization program in iran. modeling and economic studies have addressed some of those information needs in foreign countries. in order to determine the long term benefit ...

Abstract As the era of knowledge economy has firmly established itself, ability firms to attract, motivate, and retain talents in order realize stable sustainable value creation, is increasingly critical. This paper proposes a dynamic value-sharing mechanism (DVS), based on human capital contribution, which combines advantages distribution fairness dynamicity, enhance firm profitability. an ins...

Cellular automata have been used for design of cryptosystems. Recently some secret sharing schemes based on linear memory cellular automata have been introduced which are used for both text and image. In this paper, we illustrate that these secret sharing schemes are vulnerable to dishonest participants’ collusion. We propose a cheating model for the secret sharing schemes based on linear memor...

BACKGROUND Diabetes affects over 20 million Americans, resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs. While medications are the cornerstone of secondary prevention, many evidence-based therapies are underutilized, and patients often cite out-of-pocket costs as the reason. Value-based insurance design (VBID) is a 'clinically sensitive' refinement to benefit design which links patient ...

This paper integrates two lines of research into a unified conceptual framework: trade in global value chains and embodied emissions. This allows both value added and emissions to be systematically traced at the country, sector, and bilateral levels through various routes in global production networks. By combining value-added and emissions accounting in a consistent way, the potential environm...

The study of agricultural product's inventory is significant to lower its logistics cost, reduce the waste during the logistics courses and guarantee its quality. Deteriorating items can be studied by the way of literature review according to time varying of demand, inventory shortage and deteriorating rate while multi-warehouse according to the number of renting warehouse, capacity and demand ...