Robust estimators of the variogram can be used to identify a random function that describes the background variation of a soil property with the minimum influence of contaminants from a quasi point process. A method is proposed to exploit this to identify data which are best treated as a realization of a quasi point process rather than of a continuous random function for purposes of spatial ana...

The quantification of spatial heterogeneity can be used to examine the structure of ecological systems. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused severe vegetation damage. In addition to simply detecting change, the magnitude of changes must also be examined. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques were used to produce landscape maps before and after the earthquake and analyze the...

A method for fitting regression models to data that exhibit spatial correlation and heteroskedasticity is proposed. It is well known that ignoring a nonconstant variance does not bias least-squares estimates of regression parameters; thus, data analysts are easily lead to the false belief that moderate heteroskedasticity can generally be ignored. Unfortunately, ignoring nonconstant variance whe...

In this article a concept is described in order to predict and map the occurrence of benthic communities within and near the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the North Sea. The approach consists of two work steps: (1) geostatistical analysis of abiotic measurement data and (2) calculation of benthic provinces by means of Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and GIS-techniques. From...

The inverse problem of determining the spatial dependence of random fields (inference of the spatial model) from experimental samples is a central issue in geostatistics. We propose a computationally efficient approach based on Spartan Gibbs random fields. Their probability density function depends on a small set of parameters that can be determined by matching sample constraints with correspon...

The eco-hydrological wireless sensor network (EHWSN) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in China is designed to capture the spatial and temporal variability and to estimate the ground truth for validating the remote sensing productions. However, there is no available prior information about a target variable. To meet both requirements, a hybrid model-based sampling method without an...

............................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Thermal Characterization of Processors ......................................................... 6 1.2 Research Overview ....................

This paper discusses advantages and shortcomings of the S environment for multivariable geostatistics, in particular when extended with the gstat package, an extension package for the S environments (R, S-Plus). The gstat S package provides multivariable geostatistical modelling, prediction and simulation, as well as several visualisation functions. In particular, it makes the calculation, simu...

abstract accumulation of heavy metals in soils has become a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world. no information is currently available on the distribution pattern of heavy metals concentration in soils of hamadan province. the objective of this research was to determine the spatial distribution of pb and zn and its relationship with land use and parent materials of a select...

Multi-scale ordination (MSO) deals with potential scale-dependence in species assemblages, by studying how results from multivariate ordination may be different on different spatial scales. MSO methods were initially based on two-term local covariances between species, and therefore required sampling designs composed of adjacent quadrats. A variogram-based MSO, applicable to very diverse sampli...