In order to quantitatively measure the degree of pain during mammography, we used a visual analog scale (VAS) and a device for quantitative analysis of perception and pain and performed regression analysis of the relationship between pain degree and VAS score. Twenty-four subjects underwent a typical mammogram and we found no correlation between pain degree using the device compared with VAS sc...

OBJECTIVES Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) are associated with cerebral infarction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It remains unclear whether this association is causal. We investigated the associations between neurologically asymptomatic CAS and VAS and the occurrence of subclinical cerebral lesions after CABG verified by magnetic resonance ...

BACKGROUND Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) given to children between 6 months and 5 years of age is known to reduce mortality in low-income countries. We have previously observed that girls benefit more from a lower dose of VAS than the one recommended by WHO, the effect being strongest if diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) was the most recent vaccination. We aimed to test these observa...

PURPOSE There is an ongoing discussion how to assess acute mountain sickness (AMS) in real life conditions. Next to more-item scales with a cut off like the Lake Louise Self-Report (LLS), some authors suggested to use visual analog scales (VAS) to assess AMS. This study tried to contribute to this question using VAS items used for the Subjective Ratings of Drug Effects, including an additional ...

Abstract word count: 199) 25 26 Background: Insufficient vas length for performing a tension-free vasovasostomy is a 27 problem occasionally encountered by microsurgeons. Herein we evaluated utilization of a 28 non-vascularized vas deferens autograft in a rat model. 29 Methods: Segments of isolated vas deferens, 2.5 cm in length, were used as bilateral 30 autografts in 15 rats. Each autograft w...

Formation of the germ plasm drives germline specification in Drosophila and some other insects such as aphids. Identification of the DEAD-box protein Vasa (Vas) as a conserved germline marker in flies and aphids suggests that they share common components for assembling the germ plasm. However, to which extent the assembly order is conserved and the correlation between functions and sequences of...

OBJECTIVE Evaluation and improvement of pain management in our emergency department (ED). DESIGN This was a "before-after" study. For each subject, the nurse, the physician, and the patient were asked to rate the initial intensity of the pain on a Visual Analogue Score (VAS). The timing and the type of analgesics administered were then recorded and follow-up VAS was performed. SETTING A tea...

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) at birth was not associated with improved survival in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau. However, a negative sex-differential effect, which became evident after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination, was noted; among girls who had received DTP, VAS at birth was associated with two-fold higher mortality than placebo. The objective of...

OBJECTIVE Sometimes a vertebral artery (VA) enters the spinal canal via the C1-2 intervertebral space, a variation regarded as a C2 segmental-type VA. This paper describes the anatomy of the C2 segmental-type VA and reviews its clinical importance. METHODS Between March 2014 and November 2015, 3386 patients underwent computed tomographic angiography. I identified C2 segmental-type VAs, associ...