This article outlines the classification of vascular anomalies, which include vascular tumors and vascular malformations. We describe the nomenclature, diagnosis, and management of the different types of anomalies. Specific indications for pharmacologic and surgical intervention are discussed.

Cerebrovascular malformations are classified as cavernous malformations (CMs), arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) and capillary telangiectasias (CTs). CMs are the second most common form of cerebrovascular malformation and constitute up to 10–15% of the total [1,2]. In the past, CMs were not visualized on radiological examinations such as CT scanning or an...

Vascular tumours and vascular malformations are common vasculose anomalies characteristic for dissimilar clinical course, specific biological as well as immune cytological and histological properties. Vascular lesions classification system and their detailed division into groups and subgroups were elaborated and implemented in Rome, in 1996, during meeting of the International Society for the S...

Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, and epidermal nevi (CLOVE) syndrome is a recently delineated disorder that comprises vascular malformations (typically truncal), dysregulated adipose tissue, scoliosis, enlarged bony structures (typically of the legs) without progression, or distorting bony overgrowth. The name CLOVE was subsequently extended to CLOVES to emphasize the a...

Vascular anomalies are comprised of either hemangiomas or vascular malformations.Low-flow vascular malformations can be divided into capillary, venous, and lymphatic types and are usually present at birth, undergo pari passu growth, and produce symptoms related to mass effect or stasis. High-flow malformations are comprised pre-dominantly of arteriovenous malformations that follow a more aggres...

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the 980 nm diode laser and Er:YAG laser for photocoagulation treatment of oral and maxillofacial hemangioma and vascular malformations. Material and Methods: Seventy consecutive patients with either hemangioma or low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck treated with laser photocoagulation were comprised in the study. Results: Lo...

Blood and lymphatic vessel formation is a vital dynamic process that when dysregulated can lead to excessive or abnormal formation of the vasculature. Vascular malformations are often associated with bony and/or soft tissue hypertrophy (overgrowth) that may occur regionally or involve the whole body. These overgrowth syndromes can be categorized based on the type of vascular malformation presen...

Congenital vascular lesions are often misdiagnosed and, for the most part, left untreated. The absence of a uniformly accepted classification of these lesions and confusion over their natural history are partly responsible. A new classification of these lesions recognizes two distinct groups of lesions, hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Hemangiomas are usually not present at birth, prolif...

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular malformations to diagnose and treat. They are comprised of congenitally derived arteriovenous shunts with chronic vascular expansion, collateralization, and infiltration of local tissue. Their cause remains unclear, but new genetic and molecular clues are emerging. They may present at any age following an early quiescent perio...

venous malformations are the most common form of symptomatic vascular malformations. vm s could classify into low-flow lesions (vms) and high-flow lesions (avms). for low-flow venous lesions, direct percutaneous puncture with injection of sclerosing agents (sclerotherapy) has been described as a successful therapy. in this article, we want to introduce a patient who treated with ethanol sclerot...