Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest is associated with injury to the vasculature and microcirculation leading to coronary microvascular dysfunction, permeability changes and cardiac dysfunction. In the setting of cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegia, poorly-controlled diabetes is associated with significant changes in endothelium-dependent and independent vas...

Hantavirus, a genus of rodent- and insectivore-borne viruses in the family Bunyaviridae, is a group of emerging zoonotic pathogens. Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in man, often with severe consequences. Vascular leakage is evident in severe hantavirus infections, and increased permeability contributes to the pathogenesis. This re...

Anatomical and functional vascular changes during rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts, transmission electron microscopy of bladder capillaries, and fractional distributions of 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-human serum albumin, and 86RbCl which were used to determine vascular volume, permeability, and perfusion. Histopathological changes an...

Most solid tumors possess unique pathophysiological characteristics that are not observed in normal tissues or organs, such as extensive angiogenesis and hence hypervasculature, defective vascular architecture, impaired lymphatic drainage/recovery system, and greatly increased production of a number of permeability mediators. The phenomenon now known as the enhanced permeability and retention (...

Among the substances in mammalian sera that increase vascular permeability under experimental conditions are two globulins, the permeability globulins. The first, kallikrein, was originally described by Frey (2); the second, PF/dil, was first described by Mackay, Miles, Shachter, and Wilhelm (3). The permeability-increasing activity of kallikrein appears to be mediated through the enzymatic gen...

Preparations of plasminogen, soluble in aqueous media, increased vascular permeability in guinea pig skin when activated by streptokinase or urokinase. The permeability-enhancing effect was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor but not by triprolidine. Permeability-enhancing activity evolved when plasmin was incubated with fractions of plasma rich in prokinin. The experiments described suggest...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of lung injury, characterised by alveolar oedema and vascular permeability, in part due to disruption of the alveolar capillary membrane integrity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally identified as a vascular permeability factor and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/ARDS. This revi...

Endothelial barrier integrity is essential for vascular homeostasis and increased vascular permeability and has been implicated in many pathological processes, including diabetic retinopathy. Here, we investigated the effect of Rk1, a ginsenoside extracted from sun ginseng, on regulation of endothelial barrier function. In human retinal endothelial cells, Rk1 strongly inhibited permeability ind...

The leaky, heterogeneous vasculature of human tumors prevents the even distribution of systemic drugs within cancer tissues. However, techniques for studying vascular delivery systems in vivo often require complex mammalian models and time-consuming, surgical protocols. The developing chicken embryo is a well-established model for human cancer that is easily accessible for tumor imaging. To ass...