In 1993, on-road emissions in Continental Europe showed a pronounced South/North declining gradient for CO, HC and NO fuel specific emissions (gm/kg). Emissions in Hamburg and Rotterdam were comparable to emissions measured in 1993 in the U.S.A. with the same on-road instrument. Contrasts between emissions in the USA, the UK and Sweden demonstrated the importance both of modern catalysts and of...

We propose a new approach to assess the impact of traffic-related air pollution on public health by mapping personal trajectories using mobile phone tracking technology in an urban environment. Although this approach is not based on any empirical studies, we believe that this method has great potential and deserves serious attention. Mobile phone tracking technology makes it feasible to generat...

This paper considers the equity implications of vehicle emissions taxes by examining the incidence of a tax on local pollutants. It uses emissions data from the California Air Resources Board and household vehicle and income data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey. It incorporates household price responsiveness that differs across income groups into a consumer surplus measure of tax burden...

The traffic signal control problem is an extensively researched area providing different approaches, from classic methods to machine learning based ones. Different aspects can be considered find optima, which this paper emphasises emission reduction. core of our solution a novel rewarding concept for deep reinforcement (DRL) does not utilize any reward shaping, hence exposes new insights into t...

Vehicle-to-vehicle communications is essential to create cooperative awareness amongst vehicles, improve roadway safety and roadway capacity, and reduce green house gas emissions. As vehicle density increases, the amount of cooperative awareness messages also increases, which in turn increases the amount of background interference in the wireless channel. Transmission under high degree of backg...

This paper is the second of a two part study which quantifies the economic and greenhouse performance of conventional, hybrid and fully electric passenger vehicles operating in Australian driving conditions. This second study focuses on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. Two vehicle sizes are considered, Class-B and Class-E, which bracket the large majority of passenger vehicles on Austra...