Introduction: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are subject to moral hazards during work, leading them to find moral distress (MD). Our literature review showed a gap in knowledge related to MD in EMS personnel. Therefore, this study investigated MD and its influential factors in pre-hospital emergency technicians. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Iran in 2017...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this 7-year follow-up study was to determine respiratory changes in dental technicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our region, in the year 2005, 36 dental technicians were evaluated with a cross-sectional study on respiratory occupational diseases, and in 2012 we evaluated them again. Inclusion of information on respiratory symptoms and demographic features questionnaires w...

Abstract: The Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most important extensions of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) that has many applications in industrial and service. In the VRP, a set of customers with a specified demand of goods are given and a depot where a fleet of identical capacitated vehicles is located. We are also given the ‘‘traveling costs’’ between the depot and all th...

the heterogeneous fixed fleet open vehicle routing problem (hffovrp) is one of the most significant extension problems of the open vehicle routing problem (ovrp). the hffovrp is the problem of designing collection routes to a number of predefined nodes by a fixed fleet number of vehicles with various capacities and related costs. in this problem, the vehicle doesn’t return to the depot after se...