background: pistachio is a plant that has long been cultivated in different parts of iran. pistachios are very nutritious and contain vitamins e and b, flavonoids, antioxidants, and carotenoids. since the pistachio is effective in the treatment of some neurological disorders and is indigenous to iran and considering the substantial use of this nut, it is necessary to investigate its effects on ...

In this paper we introduce a new, pickup and delivery vehicle routing model where weight limits and also packing constraints are taken into account. In the model the vehicles have to transport 3-dimensional boxes from their pickup points into their delivery points. The boxes have weights and the vehicles has to satisfy a weight limit. We present a heuristic algorithm for the solution of the pro...

the capacitated vehicle routing problem (cvrp) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem that holds a central place in logistics management. the vehicle routing is an applied task in the industrial transportation for which an optimal solution will lead us to better services, save more time and ultimately increase in customer satisfaction. this problem is classified into np-hard problem...

among numerous np-hard problems, the traveling salesman problem (tsp) has been one of the most explored, yet unknown one. even a minor modification changes the problem’s status, calling for a different solution. the generalized traveling salesman problem (gtsp)expands the tsp to a much more complicated form, replacing single nodes with a group or cluster of nodes, where the objective is to fi...

the suspension system of a vehicle is one of the most important parts which is involved in the process of vehicle designing. when a vehicle suspension system is designed, the evaluation of its performance against the road disturbances such as shocks and bumps are very important. the most commonly used systems consist of four hydraulic jacks with mobility in vertical line with low speed and low ...

A tank and intertank sizing tool that includes effects of major design drivers, and which allows parametric studies to be performed, has been developed and calibrated against independent repzresentative results. Although additional design features, such as bulkheads and field joints, are not currently included in the process, the improved level of fidelity has allowed parametric studies to be p...

While NASA’s current next-generation launch vehicle research has largely focused on advanced allrocket single-stage-to-orbit vehicles (i.e. the X-33 and it’s RLV operational follow-on), some attention is being given to advanced propulsion concepts suitable for “next-generation-and-a-half” vehicles. Rocketbased combined-cycle (RBCC) engines combining rocket and airbreathing elements are one cand...

Existing engineering materials allow the constuction of towers to heights of many kilometers. Orbital launch from a high altitude has significant advantages over sea-level launch due to the reduced atmospheric pressure, resulting in lower atmospheric drag on the vehicle and allowing higher rocket engine performance. High-altitude launch sites are particularly advantageous for single-stage to or...

For more than 30 years, body-in-white development has been dominated by the need to achieve weight reduction while improving crash worthiness (Refs. 1, 2). Weight reduction is considered a primary key to improvements in fuel economy. One area of considerable development has been through materials substitution. Thirty years ago, automotive structural elements were made almost exclusively from re...