cp heat capacity dx distance between two points after time t dX original infinitesimal distance between two points D stretching tensor Di dissipation number ĝ gravity vector h depth of convecting layer H(r) two-particle correlation function P dynamic pressure Ra thermal Rayleigh number t time T temperature ui components of the velocity tensor v velocity w upward velocity a thermal expansivity _...

We aimed to record and visualize the investigation activities of search and rescue dogs. The dog’s trajectory is required to create this visualization, and the dog’s velocity needs to be determined to estimate its trajectory. In this study, we examined a method for velocity estimation that uses a dog’s gait. We measured a Labrador dog’s gaits (walk and trot) and analyzed the gait data. From the...

This thesis explores the use of velocity information obtained by a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to close the aircraft’s flight control loop. A novel framework to synthesize attitude information from GPS velocity vector measurements is discussed. The framework combines the benefits of high-quality GPS velocity measurements with a novel velocity vector based flight control paradigm to...

We propose a novel methodology for ship detection and their full velocity vector extraction from SAR data, using only the amplitude information. The algorithm is based on the Radon Transform to detect the ships and to retrieve the two components of the velocity vector, using the information from the wake orientation and from the azimuth displacement. To increase the robustness to noisy environm...

This paper presents a comparative study of the effects of grid resolution, vehicle velocity and wind vector fields on the trajectory planning of unmanned airships. A wavefront expansion trajectory planner that minimizes a multi-objective cost function consisting of flight time, energy consumption and collision avoidance while respecting the differential constraints of the vehicle is presented. ...

A new external velocity field for active contours is proposed. The velocity field is based on magnetostatics and hypothesised magnetic interactions between the active contour and image gradients. In this paper, we introduce the method and study its convergence capability for the recovery of shapes with complex topology and geometry, including deep, narrow concavities. The proposed active contou...

This article addresses the relationships between motion sickness (MS) and three-dimensional (3D) ocular responses during otolith stimulation. A group of 19 healthy subjects was tested for motion sickness during a 16 min otolith stimulation induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) (constant velocity 60 degrees /s, frequency 0.16 Hz). For each subject, the MS induced during the session was qu...

Several major inverse methods (Stommel-Schott method, Wunsch method, and Bernoulli method) have been successfully developed to quantitatively estimate the geostrophic velocity at the reference level from hydrographic data. No matter the different appearance, they are based on the same dynamical sophistication: geostrophy, hydrostatic, and potential density (ρ) conservation (Davis, 1978). The cu...

We consider incompressible Euler flows in terms of the stream function in two dimensions and the vector potential in three dimensions. We pay special attention to the case with singular distributions of the vorticity, e.g., point vortices in two dimensions. An explicit equation governing the velocity potentials is derived in two steps. (i) Starting from the equation for the stream function [Ohk...

The velocity of a moving point in a general path is the vector quantity, which has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude or the direction of the velocity vector can change over time as a result of acceleration that the time rate of velocity changes. Acceleration analysis is important because inertial forces and inertial torques are proportional to rectilinear and angular accelerations acc...