Body abnormalities that compromise form, function or aesthetics can make an individual incapable of leading a relatively normal life. Facial disfigurement may occur as result congenital anomaly, trauma tumor surgery. The defects be rehabilitated surgically with the help prosthesis. Many situations due to size location defect because patient’s medical condition, surgical reconstruction is not po...

a ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm rarely accompanies the aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis. a 36-year-old woman presented with low-threshold dyspnea on exertion and fever. transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a ruptured noncoronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm with large vegetations on the tricuspid and aortic valves, resulting in moderately severe tricuspid regurgi...

Background and Purpose: Candida endocarditis is an infrequent disease with a high mortality rate, which commonly occurs in immunosuppressed patients with cardiac valve replacement. We reported a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). This study also involved a review of all published cases of Candida PVE from 1970. Case report: Herein, we reported a 70-ye...

transcatheter aortic valve implantation (tavi) is a new therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis with unacceptable surgical risk for conventional aortic valve surgery. a bicuspid aortic valve (bav) is the most common congenital cardiac disorder (1% of the population) and currently is considered exclusion criteria for tavi, because it predicts an increased risk of adverse aort...

Introduction: Methane is one of the most widely used gases in industries with a high flammability potential. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ventilation systems installed on methane valve pits based on hazardous areas classification. Material and Methods: This study was implemented in a steel industry in Qom Province in 2019. The tools used in this study were a DELTA OHM pitot t...

This critical review examines whether videonasopharyngoscopy biofeedback is an effective therapy tool in improving velopharyngeal closure in patients with cleft palate. Study designs in this review include: randomized clinical trial, single subject ‘n-of-1’, single group or case series pre-posttest study, and systematic review. Results of these studies provide suggestive evidence for the clinic...

This critical review examines several studies to determine the effectiveness of sphincter pharyngoplasty (SP) compared to pharyngeal flap surgery (PF) in reducing hypernasality in individuals with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Overall, research indicates preliminary evidence that both surgeries produce similar results in reducing hypernasality. However, some questions arose as to the stre...