Abstract Tasman Glacier, a temperate maritime glacier in the New Zealand Southern Alps, is rapidly receding. Climate warming resulting lengthening of ablation season, meaning crevasses accumulation area are becoming exposed at surface for longer. We combine measurements air temperature and wind speed from inside with meteorological data, finding that during summer, in-crevasse frequently positi...

Ozone is one of the most important gases in atmosphere as it plays different roles based on levels presents. The ozone layer stratosphere protects life Earth by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiance while harming at ground-level. In order to better understand source pollution, transport ozone, stratosphere-troposphere exchange necessary estimate vertical profile ozone. this study, we derive throu...

Based on Navier-Stokes equations and structural and flight dynamic equations of motion, dynamic responses in vertical discrete gust flow perturbation are investigated for a supersonic transport model. A tightly coupled method was developed by the subiteration between aerodynamic equations and dynamic equations of motion. First, under the assumption of rigid-body and single freedom of motion in ...

Self-shading of light by algae growing in a column of water plays an important:role in the dynamics of algal blooms. Thus without self-shading the algal concentration would increase more rapidly, making the nutrient limitation too strong. Apart from the practical importance of self-shading, its inherent nonlinearity in the growth dynamics leads to an interesting mathematical problem, which warr...

The contact between the polymer active layer and the electrode is one the most critical interfaces in polymer solar cells. In this article, we report the progress of interface engineering in polymer solar cell research, where the multiple functions of the interfacial materials will be discussed. The vertical composition profile in polymer:fullerene blends is an emerging topic, and the interlaye...

Barchans are crescent-shaped sand dunes forming in aride regions with unidirectional wind and limited sand supply. We report analytical and numerical results for dune shapes under different environmental conditions as obtained from the so-called ‘minimal model’ of aeolian sand dunes. The profiles of longitudinal vertical slices (i.e. along the wind direction) are analyzed as a function of wind ...