Abstract Performing prosociality in public presents a paradox: only by doing so can people demonstrate their virtue and also influence others through example, yet observers may derogate actors’ behavior as mere “virtue signaling.” Here we investigate the role of observability one reason that engage such discounting.” Further, observers’ motivational inferences mechanism this effect, using compa...

Lawyering and legal practice require proper certification by the regulatory bodies in profession line with extant legislations. It is getting worrisome to see persons not called Bar rendering services undiscerning clients, albeit illegally. The vice of impersonation on increase within Nigerian market. Cases fake lawyers across hemisphere are being reported almost a monthly basis. This paper rec...