BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin is a zoonotic infection that can be transmitted from cattle to humans through consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. Outbreaks of human infections by S. Dublin have been reported in several countries including high-income countries. A high proportion of S. Dublin cases in humans are associated with invasive disease and systemic illness....

We analyze the evolutionary consequences of host resistance (the ability to decrease the probability of being infected by parasites) for the evolution of parasite virulence (the deleterious effect of a parasite on its host). When only single infections occur, host resistance does not affect the evolution of parasite virulence. However, when superinfections occur, resistance tends to decrease th...

Bacterial traits that contribute to disease are termed "virulence factors" and there is much interest in therapeutic approaches that disrupt such traits. What remains less clear is whether a virulence factor identified as such in a particular context is also important in infections involving different host and pathogen types. Here, we address this question using a meta-analytic approach. We sta...

Evolution of virulence in plant pathogens is still poorly understood but the knowledge is important for the effective use of plant resistance and sustainable disease management. Spatial population dynamics of virulence, race and SSR markers in 140 genotypes sampled from seven geographic locations in China were compared to infer the mechanisms driving the evolution of virulence in Phytophthora i...

Isofemale lines (IFL) from single egg masses were studied for genetic variation in Meloidogyne incognita isolates avirulent and virulent to the resistance gene Rk in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). In parental isolates cultured on susceptible and resistant cowpea, the virulent isolate contained 100% and the avirulent isolate 7% virulent lineages. Virulence was selected from the avirulent isolate wi...

Virulence of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is highly variable and dependent upon the genotype of the parasite. The application of forward and reverse genetic approaches for understanding the genetic basis of virulence has resulted in the identification of several members of the ROP family as key mediators of virulence. More recently, modern genomic techniques have been used to addres...

Abstract Background Streptococcal infections are associated with life-threatening pneumonia and sepsis. The rise in antibiotic resistance calls for novel approaches to treat bacterial diseases. Anti-virulence strategies promote a natural way of pathogen clearance by eliminating the advantage provided bacteria their virulence factors. In contrast antibiotics, anti-virulence agents less likely ex...

Due to the restricted genetic diversity among current asparagus cultivars, wild relatives are of particular interest as a source resistance. In this study, seventeen cultivars and were tested for their resistance Fusarium oxysporum in seedling test. Two isolates differing virulence (single spore lines with high low virulence) used testing. Most genotypes showed infestation, whereby Asparagus ae...

helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection has been reported in more than half of the world human population. it is associated with gastric inflammation and noticeable infiltration of the immune cells to the stomach mucosa by several cytokines secretion. il-1β, il-18 have been shown to contribute to h. pylori induced gastritis, but the details of inflammation and association of virulence factors...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of virulence genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and its association with commonly used antibiotics in West Africa is unknown. METHODOLOGY We tested 185 NTS isolates from children, animals, and food products for the presence of twelve virulence genes by PCR. Ten of the virulence genes tested belonged to the five Salmonella pathogenicity islands implicated in it...