The frontal eye fields (FEFs) participate in both working memory and sensorimotor transformations for saccades, but their role in integrating these functions through time remains unclear. Here, we tracked FEF spatial codes through time using a novel analytic method applied to the classic memory-delay saccade task. Three-dimensional recordings of head-unrestrained gaze shifts were made in two mo...

The frontal eye fields (FEFs) participate in both working memory and sensorimotor transformations for saccades, but their role in integrating these functions through time remains unclear. Here, we tracked FEF spatial codes through time using a novel analytic method applied to the classic memory-delay saccade task. Three-dimensional recordings of head-unrestrained gaze shifts were made in two mo...

Neural oscillations are ubiquitous measurements of cognitive processes and dynamic routing and gating of information. The fundamental and so far unresolved problem for neuroscience remains to understand how oscillatory activity in the brain codes information for human cognition. In a biologically relevant cognitive task, we instructed six human observers to categorize facial expressions of emot...

How are numerical operations implemented within the human brain? It has been suggested that there are at least three different codes for representing number: a verbal code that is used to manipulate number words and perform mental numerical operations (e.g., multiplication), a visual code that is used to decode frequently used visual number forms (e.g., Arabic digits), and an abstract analog co...

How a population of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) encodes the visual scene remains an open question. Going beyond individual RGC coding strategies, results in salamander suggest that the relative latencies of a RGC pair encode spatial information. Thus, a population code based on this concerted spiking could be a powerful mechanism to transmit visual information rapidly and efficiently. Here, w...

the present paper aims to study the iranian-made movie “aroos-e-atash” (the bride of fire), using semiotic methodology at the three following levels: description (social codes), representation (technical codes) and ideology (ideological codes). the process of interconnections and interactions between these three types of codes resulted in these findings: although the movie enjoys an emancipatio...

An embedded image coder that provides very eeective progressive image transmission and a high degree of spatial scalability while achieving superior visual performance to SPIHT is presented. A new partitioning structure combined with scale-based wavelet weights achieves a signiicance reordering that codes more signiicant information belonging to the lower frequency bands earlier in the bitstrea...

Digital ImageWatermarking is a process of embedding a copy righted information inside the digital image such a way that intruder is not able to trace the information. In this paper a simple visual cryptography based robust digital image watermarking scheme is presented. Watermark Robustness is obtained by using repetition codes and Security of the watermark by visual cryptography. In this metho...

Given the distributed representation of visual features in the human brain, binding mechanisms are necessary to integrate visual information about the same perceptual event. It has been assumed that feature codes are bound into object files--pointers to the neural codes of the features of a given event. The present study investigated the perceptual criteria underlying integration into an object...