it has been recognized that acute and chronic stress has an impact on the immune system. acute stress may have a stimulating effect on the immune system, while in the case of chronic stress specially depression, the immune system could be down-regulated. however, an association between depression and a higher number of circulating white blood cells with increased activity has been reported. ele...

In the remote sensing user community there is a lack of consistency in definitions and properties of reflectance quantities. On one hand, more recent satellite programs such as NASA's MODIS and MISR sensors take into account the directional dimension of the different reflectance products. On the other hand, many published studies still remain unspecific on the reflectance quantities they are ba...

geothermal investors need to be confident with the methods and results of exploration programs. also cutting the upfront cost of geothermal exploration will further encourage investors to consider investment in this emerging clean energy field. hence, it is of paramount importance to improve prospecting techniques in order to explore where economic concentrations of geothermal energy are to be ...

During the past two decades, there have been tremendous developments in near-field imaging and local probing techniques. Examples are the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM), Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope (PSTM), and Scanning Thermal Microscope (SThM).Results showed that the average reflectance for a dopant con...

The study investigated the influence of maturity, biomass type, and depositional settings on distribution relative abundance polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for lacustrine sediments collected from depths up to 1000 m Prebreza ?u?ale stratigraphic units (the northwest part Toplica Basin). A recently proposed benzo[ghi]perylene/(perylene + benzo[ghi]perylene) parameter, along with commonl...

In this study, the microscopic pore characteristics of shale in marine strata are evaluated. Based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature N 2 adsorption (LT-N GA), low-pressure CO (LP-CO GA) and high-pressure methane (HPMA) experiments, 12 shales from Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations northern Yunnan Guizhou characterized qualitatively quantitatively. Fractal Frenkel–...

Relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a He-Ne laser are reported. The intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. Our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

Albedo/reflectance is of great importance for glaciers’ mass balance and energy budget. Elevation could be a major factor of influence for glacier reflectance, and therefore when studying glacier reflectance, the altitude ranges should be considered. However, due to the limitations of traditional earth observation systems, conventional analyses usually consider the spatial and temporal patterns...

areas surrounding mines are severely vulnerable to pollution due to mine explorations, excavations and transportations. nowadays spectrophotometers and spectral reflectance are applied for estimating the concentration of pollutants due to high costs of sampling and laboratory measurements. this research was carried out to determine spatial distribution of lead concentration in soil particle siz...

Naturally occurring hydrocarbon fluids in sedimentary basins have economic, geological and environmental significance. Connecting basin temperature-time evolution with petroleum generation transformation is a long-studied problem. In this study, we investigate the use of novel tool – multiply substituted isotopologues methane, for distinguishing between different chemical mechanisms catagenesis...