Informatica is a journal primarily covering the European computer science and informatics community; scientific and educational as well as technical, commercial and industrial. Its basic aim is to enhance communications between different European structures on the basis of equal rights and international refereeing. It publishes scientific papers accepted by at least two referees outside the aut...

OBJECTIVES To study hydration status in referees (main) and assistant referees (linesmen) during official football matches. METHODS Twelve male football referees were evaluated; all were volunteers. Before and after each match, the referee and one of the assistants were weighed without clothes and a blood sample was taken. Total water loss was determined for each subject from the change in bo...

Research into the physiological and movement demands of Rugby League (RL) referees is limited, with only 1 study in the European Super League (SL). To date, no studies have considered decision making in RL referees. The purpose of this study was to quantify penalty accuracy scores of RL referees and to determine the relationship between penalty accuracy and total distance covered (TD), high-int...

Informatica is a journal primarily covering intelligent systems in the European computer science, informatics and cognitive community ; scientific and educational as well as technical, commercial and industrial. Its basic aim is to enhance communications between different European structures on the basis of equal rights and international refereeing. It publishes scientific papers accepted by at...

Abstract Social pressure may have relevant consequences in many contexts but it is hard to evaluate empirically. In this paper we exploit a natural experiment soccer provide clear evidence of its effects. We aim study how social from the crowd stadium affects both players and referees. While normal matches support be correlated host variables affecting outcome interest, fact that after health e...

Abstract Correct decision-making under physical load is a central challenge for referees in sports games. Handball are assumed to make both decision (calling foul or no foul) and call its reasonings (type of foul, punishments). However, the impact on these two aspects has not been differentiated so far. Here, studies, we aimed investigate hypothesised referees’ decisions reasonings. To this end...

There is a paucity of dietary data in football referees. In this study, 23 elite main and assistant referees (34.4 ± 5.6 years) completed a 7-day dietary record during the competitive season. No nutritional intake differences were observed between main and assistant referees. Referees' mean daily energy intake (DEI) was 2819 ± 279 kcal. The intake of proteins (1.7 ± 0.2 g · kg(-1)), carbohydrat...

The mental health of football referees at amateur and elite levels has received very little research attention, with the majority focused on players. Unfortunately, such a shallow pool resulted in deficit knowledge which prevents not only understanding symptoms disorders this population but also creation evidence-based interventions. As such, purpose commentary is twofold: 1) to outline importa...