CAPTCHAs exploit the gap in the ability between a human and a machine to understand the semantics of specific multimedia content, with vast applications in computer security. In this paper we compare two techniques in automated CAPTCHA solving for text-based CAPTCHA schemes, i.e., classification based on the Vector Space Model (VSM) versus a popular Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine. F...

In this paper, we propose two extensions to the vector space model (VSM) adaptation technique (Chen et al., 2013b) for statistical machine translation (SMT), both of which result in significant improvements. We also systematically compare the VSM techniques to three mixture model adaptation techniques: linear mixture, log-linear mixture (Foster and Kuhn, 2007), and provenance features (Chiang e...

Vector Space Models (VSM) have been widely used in the language assessment field to provide measurements of students’ vocabulary choices and content relevancy. However, training reference vectors (RV) in a VSM requires a time-consuming and costly human scoring process. To address this limitation, we applied unsupervised learning methods to reduce or even eliminate the human scoring step require...

In the Vector Space Model (VSM) of Information Retrieval (IR), the documents and queries are conceived as vectors of weights belonging to the same linear space, and retrieval is based on similarity measures. This view yields paradoxes and problems as regards concepts of fundamental importance to IR (similarity, term independence, preference, linearity). In the present paper, a different view is...

This paper addresses the problem of dynamic frequency control in a diesel-based mini-grid. It is shown that a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) can support dynamic frequency control by adding virtual inertia and damping to the system. However, it is found that the typical formulation of damping power does not work properly when the grid forming gen-set operates in droop mode because of the unkn...

Volume 9, Number 3, Summer 2007, pages 151–158 Abstract: Video self-modeling (VSM) is a relatively new technique for modifying and training behaviors and has accumulated a relatively impressive track record in the research literature. Using only positive examples, VSM gives persons the opportunity to view themselves performing a task just beyond their present functioning level via creative edit...

See article by Subramanian et al. [9] (pages 539 –548) ischemia time and reperfusion injury, disparity of the in this issue. major histocompatibility complex between donor and recipient, number of rejection episodes, and infection The development of chronic transplant dysfunction (especially by cytomegalovirus) [2,6]. (CTD) has become a limiting factor for long-term graft In the current issue o...

This paper describes user-level optimisations for virtual shared memory (VSM) systems and demonstrates performance improvements for three scientiic kernel codes written in Fortran-S and running on a 30 node prototype distributed memory architecture. These optimisations can be applied to all consistency models and directory schemes, whether in hardware or software, which employ an invalidation b...

Traditional methods of measuring magnetization in magnetic fluid samples, such as vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), are typically limited to maximum field strengths of about 1 T. This work demonstrates the ability of MRI to measure the magnetization associated with two commercial MRI contrast agents at 3 T by comparing analytical solutions to experimental imaging results for the field patter...

We examined the effect of hypoxia on proliferation and osteopontin (OPN) expression in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. In addition, we determined whether hypoxia-induced increases in OPN and cell proliferation are altered under hyperglycemic conditions. Quiescent cultures of VSM cells were exposed to hypoxia (3% O(2)) or normoxia (18% O(2)) in a serum-free medium, and ce...