Individual variation in disturbance vulnerability (i.e. the likelihood that negatively affects an individual's fitness) can affect how impacts animal populations, as even at low levels some individuals could be severely affected and die. arise due to different responses disturbance. We propose a new hypothesis when respond similarly disturbance, time-limited are more risk their condition deteri...

In this paper, we introduce fractional order of a planar fractional prey-predator system with a nonmonotonic functional response and anti-predator behaviour such that the adult preys can attack vulnerable predators. We analyze the existence and stability of all possible equilibria. Numerical simulations reveal that anti-predator behaviour not only makes the coexistence of the prey and predator ...