Three potential reactivators of nerve agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: 2-[(hydroxyimino)phenylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3a, 2-[(hydroxyimino)pyridin-2ylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3b and 2-[(1-hydroxyimino) ethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3c were synthesized. Their reactivation potency was examined using a standard in vitro reactivation test. A rat brain homogenate was used...

In this work, the ability of four newly synthesized oximes--K005 (1,3-bis(2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium) propane dibromide), K027 (1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-(4-carbamoylpyridinium) propane dibromide), K033 (1,4-bis(2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium) butane dibromide) and K048 (1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-4-(4-carbamoylpyridinium) butane dibromide) to reactivate acetylcholinester...

This study was conducted to investigate the biodegradation potential of neutralized organophosphorus nerve agents: O-ethyl-S-(2-diisopropyl-aminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and O-cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF). Removing labile leaving groups from these compounds can be accomplished chemically (e.g. alkali) or enzymatically (by a variety of hydrolases) ...

Welchman et al. (1) propose a Bayesian model that combines a velocity prior for slow motion (2, 3) with approximations of lateral velocity Vx and velocity in depth Vz to model biased perception of 3D motion trajectories in the x–z plane (3, 4). Although decomposing a motion vector into orthogonal components may be mathematically convenient it raises the question of why the visual system should ...

The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is able to switch to multiple functions under different light conditions (i.e. harvesting solar energy for photosynthesis and dissipating excess excitation energy for photoprotection). The role of the different carotenoids bound to LHCII in regulating the structure and function of the complex is a long-lasting question in ph...

At present, there are no compounds in clinical development in the field of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or Philadelphia-positive (Ph) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that have been documented to harbor significant activity against the imatinib-resistant T315I mutation. Recent reports on the preclinical activity of some emerging tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as ON012380, VX-680 and PHA-73...

We have performed a systematic, large-scale simulation study of granular media in two and three dimensions, investigating the rheology of cohesionless granular particles in inclined plane geometries, i.e., chute flows. We find that over a wide range of parameter space of interaction coefficients and inclination angles, a steady-state flow regime exists in which the energy input from gravity bal...

Telaprevir (LY 570310; LY-570310; LY570310; MP 424; MP-424; VX 950; VX-950) is an orally administered peptidomimetic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease NS3/4A. It is being developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and its licensees for the treatment of HCV infections and has recently been submitted to the US FDA for approval. As the first ever HCV protease inhibitor in phase III develo...

An electrochemical sensor is introduced as a tool applicable for diagnosis of intoxication by cholinesterase inhibitors caused by the well-known nerve agent VX. The traditional Ellman method was chosen for comparison with the sensor's analytical parameters. Both methods are based on estimation of blood cholinesterase inhibition as a marker of intoxication. While Ellman´s method provided a limit...

Let c : I → C and f : C → R. To define the differential df|p : C → R of the function f choose a tangent vector v ∈ C at p, pick a curve c such that c(0) = p, c′(0) = v and set: df|p · v := df|p(v) := (f ◦ c)′(0). The differentials dx|p, dy|p of the functions x(z) := Re (z) and y(z) := Im (z) are not depending on the base point p. They are always denoted dx, dy and they are taken as basis for re...