Shift workers and transmeridian travelers are exposed to abnormal work-rest cycles, inducing a change in the phase relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and the endogenous circadian timing system. Misalignment of circadian phase is associated with sleep disruption and deterioration of alertness and cognitive performance. Exercise has been investigated as a behavioral countermeasure to facil...

An implication of a turbine current is the development wake, reduced speed flow, thus affecting performance an adjoined turbine. The aim this study to examine wake properties offer basic framework for exploration efficient arrangements through OpenFOAM source package and entropy production theory. results indicate that diffuser inlet produces largest rate; however, dissipates quickly after roto...

The cells in the SLAC DDS are designed in such a way that the transverse modes excited by the beam are detuned in a Gaussian fashion so that destructive interference causes the wake function to decrease rapidly and smoothly. Moderate damping provided by four waveguide manifolds running along the outer wall of the accelerator is utilised to suppress the reappearance of the wake function at long ...

In duty-cycled wireless sensor networks, the nodes switch between active and dormant states, and each node determine its active/dormant schedule independently. This complicates the Minimum Energy Multicasting (MEM) problem in wireless sensor networks both for one-to-many multicasting and for all-to-all multicasting. In the case of one-to-many multicasting, we present a formalization of the Mini...

Wireless sensor network is collection of sensor nodes and one sink node. Sensor nodes sense the signals and forward to the sink node. In event driven wireless sensor network where some event is happened that event is sense by one of the sensor node and forward to sink node. Sensor nodes are small in size so the energy capacity of sensor node is very less. In the event driven wireless sensor net...

Large-eddy simulations described here have included the effect of canopy drag through the depth of a plant canopy. Specifically, we have considered the simulation of flow through a forest. Drag forces enter the simulation with the inclusion of form and viscous drag forces in the momentum equation. In addition, we have carried a variable to represent the kinetic energy (KE) associated with the t...

This study presents a novel mathematical modeling framework that is uniquely suited to investigating the structure and dynamics of the sleep-wake regulatory network in the brain stem and hypothalamus. It is based on a population firing rate model formalism that is modified to explicitly include concentration levels of neurotransmitters released to postsynaptic populations. Using this framework,...

Island thermal effects on the trail cloud band over the central North Pacific are investigated for the lee of Hawaii using satellite observations and a regional atmospheric model. The trail cloud band develops around noon and peaks in cloudiness in the early afternoon. The analysis of numerical simulations of the Kauai wake suggests that a dynamically induced convergence zone forms in the lee o...

Sleep in Drosophila shares many features with mammalian sleep, but it remains unknown whether spontaneous and evoked activity of individual neurons change with the sleep/wake cycle in flies as they do in mammals. Here we used calcium imaging to assess how the Kenyon cells in the fly mushroom bodies change their activity and reactivity to stimuli during sleep, wake, and after short or long sleep...

In humans, consolidation of wakefulness into a single episode can be modeled as the interaction of two processes, a homeostatic "hour-glass" wake signal that declines throughout the daytime and a circadian wake-promoting signal that peaks in the evening. Hypocretins, novel hypothalamic neuropeptides that are dysfunctional in the sleep disorder narcolepsy, may be involved in the expression of th...