The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and specificity of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention after war. All students (n=2500) of six villages in Southern Lebanon designated as most heavily exposed to war received a classroom-based intervention delivered by teachers, consisting of cognitive-behavioural and stress inoculation training strategies. A random sample of tr...

Background: Folk beliefs include myths, stories, poems, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs about luck and sore eyes, mother lullabies, indigenous carols, mirrors, rituals and traditions, and are always full of spirit. With tyranny and blackness and perseverance against oppression. The themes in the folk poems of Khuzestan about the war express the background of oral literatur...

BACKGROUND War wounds produce a significant burden on medical facilities in wartime. Workload from the recent conflict was documented in order to guide future medical needs. METHODS All data on war injuries were collected prospectively. This information was supplemented with a review of all patients admitted during the study period. RESULTS During the first 2 weeks of the conflict, the sole...

In February last year, Rear Admiral Vyacheslav Apanasenko held a gun to his head and shot himself. The 66-year-old former head of the rocket artillery unit of Russia’s naval forces had stage IV cancer and was in unbearable pain. His family had been battling through a bureaucratic system that is repeatedly described as “hell” in the Russian media to get the opioid-based pain relief he needed. Ap...

We examined 100 symptomatic Gulf War veterans (patients) and 100 controls for immunologic assays. The veterans and controls were compared for the percentage of T cells (CD3); B cells (CD19); helper:suppressor (CD4:CD8) ratio; natural killer (NK) cell activity; mitogenic response to phytohemagglutin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM); level of immune complexes; myelin basic protein (MBP) and stria...

this is a field study to determine the learning needs of hospitalized myocardial infarction (m!) patients, about activity, exercise, diet, medications, follow-up and recurrence predisposing factors, and their relation with demographic data in these patients, when they were discharged from cardiac unit. the study population comprised 92 randomly selected mi patients (77 men,26 women) on discharg...

Data from 17,726 battle casualties admitted to all the US Army hospitals in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) from March 1966 to July 1967 (60% of all patients wounded during this time) revealed that 13.8% of all wounds involved the abdomen, and that the kidney was involved in approximately 9% of those with abdominal wounds. The mortality in this group (who had renal wounds as a component of their ...

The traditional theory of the just war comprises two sets of principles, one governing the resort to war ( jus ad bellum) and the other governing the conduct of war ( jus in bello). The two sets of principles are regarded, in Michael Walzer’s words, as “logically independent. It is perfectly possible for a just war to be fought unjustly and for an unjust war to be fought in strict accordance wi...

Far removed from modern perceptions of cosmetic surgery, plastic and craniofacial surgery largely began centuries ago with efforts to redeem the destruction and loss from battlefield violence. Successive generations of surgeons responding with compassion to the functional and aesthetic loss of those wounded in war have achieved the progress that benefits 21st century patients. Although the hist...

The fourth congress of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, attended by over 400 physicians from 50 countries, focused on the psychological impact of the nuclear threat, the economic effects of the arms race on international health care, and the global ecological effects of a major nuclear exchange. A report to the congress noted that over a million signatures of physici...