Waste biomass was anaerobically converted to carboxylate salts by using a mixed culture of acid-forming microorganisms. Municipal solid waste (MSW) was the energy source (carbohydrates) and sewage sludge (SS) was the nutrient source (minerals, metals, and vitamins). Four fermentors were arranged in series and solids and liquids were transferred countercurrently in opposite directions, which all...

Energy is considered a prime agent in the generation of wealth and a significant factor in economic development. Recently there is renaissance in utilization of biomass for biofuel production employing cellulases and hence forth in obtaining better yields and novel activities. The present study deals with the bioconversion of cellulose from textile cotton waste into ethanol by using the methods...

Introduction The climate change, the perspective of finishing oil resource and its rising prices led the world to search for an alternative ways of acquiring valuable chemicals and fuels. In recent years technologies of production the most important chemicals for chemical and automotive industries are developed, especially these which use a renewable source of biomass (biodegradable fraction of...

In this study, sewage sludge and mycelial waste from antibiotic production were pyrolyzed in a batch scale fixed-bed reactor as examples of two kinds of typical industrial biomass wastes with high nitrogen content. A series of experiments were conducted on the rapid pyrolysis and the slow pyrolysis of these wastes in the temperature range from 500–800 °C to investigate the Fuel-N transformation...

Biosorption of heavy metals using dried algal biomass has been extensively described but rarely implemented. We contend this is because available algal biomass is a valuable product with a ready market. Therefore, we considered an alternative and practical approach to algal bioremediation in which algae were cultured directly in the waste water stream. We cultured three species of algae with an...

This study aimed at investigating the potential of microalgae species grown on industrial waste water as a new source of natural antioxidants. Six microalgae from different classes, including Phaeodactylum sp. (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae), Chlorella sp., Dunaniella sp., and Desmodesmus sp. (Chlorophyta), were screened for their antioxidant properties using differ...

Microalgae are fast-growing photosynthetic organisms which have the potential to be exploited as an alternative source of liquid fuels to meet growing global energy demand. The cultivation of microalgae, however, still needs to be improved in order to reduce the cost of the biomass produced. Among the major costs encountered for algal cultivation are the costs for nutrients such as CO₂, nitroge...

Surface metal mining produces large volumes of waste rocks. If they contain sulfide minerals, these rocks can generate a flow of acidic water from the mining site, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), which increases trace metals availability for plant roots. Adequate root development is crucial to decreasing planting stress and improving phytoremediation with woody species. However, techniques t...

Development and implementation of renewable energy systems, as a part of the solution to the worldwide increasing energy consumption, have been considered as emerging areas to offer an alternative to the traditional energy systems with limited fossil fuel resources and to challenge environmental problems caused by them. Biomass is one of the alternative energy resources and agricultural, animal...

C biomass, a structural material in plants that can be converted into ethanol, is the only large-scale sustainable resource for producing alternative liquid fuels that can be integrated with our existing transportation infrastructure. Cellulosic biomass includes agricultural residues such as corn stover (the corn plant minus kernels and roots), forestry residues such as sawdust and paper, yard ...