the conventional tunneling procedures for example drilling, charging, blasting, loading and supporting, are highly developed. new tunneling machines have recently come into operation and others are under construction or development. impactors are used in large numbers in the coal mining industry. face-heading machines are successfully used in new tunneling procedures in both soft and medium-har...

this study aims to quantify the impacts of land use changes on ecosystem service value during large scale land development, and to provide key information for both economic development and policy makers for eco-environmental protection. the study area locates in manas river watershed which is a typical land development region in northwest china. landsat mss/tm/etm+ images in 1976, 1989, 1999 a...

Changes in irrigation water-use efficiency are related closely to agricultural development. Clarifying the driving factors of irrigation water-use efficiency change at different agricultural development stages is beneficial for buffering the contradiction between the protection of water resources and massive agricultural water consumption. It also has theoretical and application value when it c...

Ecologically Sustainable Development in Australia can be described as going beyond the protection of the environment from the impacts of pollution, to protecting and conserving natural resources. In an urban environmental context this means urban development (both greenfield development and urban renewal) that seeks to have no long term effects on various aspects of the environment related to a...

The objective of the Commonwealth’s Environmental Flows Initiative (EFI) was to assist state and territory water resource agencies meet the COAG Water Reform requirements for making environmental water allocations. The NT received support due in part to the focus on water resource development shifting to Northern Australia and the concurrent lack of understanding about tropical water resources ...