Objective This study was undertaken to assess the ability of a water container with a cover and a spout to prevent household contamination of water in a Malawian refugee camp. Methods A randomized trial was conducted in a refugee population that had experienced repeated outbreaks of cholera and diarrhoea and where contamination of water in the home was found to be a significant cause of cholera...

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to assess the ability of a water container with a cover and a spout to prevent household contamination of water in a Malawian refugee camp. METHODS A randomized trial was conducted in a refugee population that had experienced repeated outbreaks of cholera and diarrhoea and where contamination of water in the home was found to be a significant cause of chole...

Nitrate contamination of drinking water implies a genotoxic risk to man due to the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrate-derived nitrite. Thus far, epidemiological studies have presented conflicting results on the relation of drinking water nitrate levels with gastric cancer incidence. This uncertainty becomes of relevance in view of the steadily increasing nitra...

Perchlorate contamination of aquifers and drinking-water supplies has led to stringent regulations in several states to reduce perchlorate concentrations in water at acceptable levels for human consumption. Several perchlorate treatment technologies exist, but there is significant cost associated with their use, and the majority of them are unable to degrade perchlorate to innocuous chloride. W...

BACKGROUND Questions regarding control over a water fluoridation system in a British Columbia (BC) community led to a drinking water management survey in 1997-98. METHOD A questionnaire was constructed based on published drinking water control and management criteria and was sent to 91 communities. RESULTS 73/91 surveys were returned (80% response rate); 31 reported a protected water supply...

Fluoride is one of the main contaminants in groundwater present naturally in many parts of the globe causing a set of human health symptoms known commonly as Fluorosis. India lies in the geographical belt with 225 districts of 19 States having high fluoride concentrations (> 1.5 mg/l) in groundwater. For many rural as well as urban areas in India, hand-pumps and tube-wells are the only source o...

Climate change may increase the incidence of waterborne diseases due to extreme rainfall events, and consequent microbiological contamination of the water source and supply. As a result of the complexity of the pathways from the surface to the consumer, it is difficult to detect an association between rainfall and human disease. The water supply of a Hungarian city, Miskolc (174,000 inhabitant)...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of microbiological contamination of water in different water filtration plants in Islamabad. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Water Filtration Plants (WFP) in different sectors of Islamabad, from April to September 2012. METHODOLOGY Water samples were collected in sterilized bottles according to the standard w...

To evaluate the decontamination effect of Inspexx 210, a cold-water disinfectant containing peracetic acid and peroctanoic (0.16%), knives contaminated with E. coli ATCC 25922 S. aureus 29213 as well naturally collected from different slaughtering steps an abattoir were examined. Treatment 210 for 15 s reduced mean counts by 5.95 log CFU/cm2 6.24 CFU/cm2. Contamination first fat thereafter bact...

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) are compounds with special physical and chemical properties that address the care of animal and human health. PPCP have been detected in surface water and wastewater in the ng/L to µg/L concentration range worldwide. PPCP ecotoxicity has been studied in a variety of organisms, and multiple methods have been used to assess the risk of PPCP in the...