We present 220 GHz (1.36 mm) measurements of zenith optical depth obtained to characterise the Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle (Ladakh, India) during the period from late December 1999 to early May 2000 and early October 2000 to September 2001. The data were sampled at an interval of 10 minutes. We describe the automated 220 GHz tipping radiometer used, its basic principle, operation, da...

Average weights of individual CaSO4-dried cysts (3 64/ig), shells (0-74 /ig) and embryos (2-90 /ig) of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, were determined. ' Residual water' contents of these preparations were estimated to be 1-58 (cysta), 079 (shells), and 1-78 (embryos) in units of g HaO/ioo g dried weight. Cysts hydrated to a similar degree in the liquid or vapour phase of NaCl solutions at o ...

Water vapour plays a crucial role in atmospheric processes, from global climate to micrometeorology. It is the most variable major constituent of the atmosphere and the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect. It affects the global climate system directly, by absorbing and radiating energy from the sun, and indirectly, by its effect on cloud formation, aerosol growth, and the chemistry of ...

The local distribution of water vapour in the urban area of Rome has been studied using both a high resolution mesoscale model (MM5) and Earth Remote Sensing-1 (ERS-1) satellite radar data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques, after the removal of all other geometric effects, estimate excess path length variation between two different SAR acquisitions (Atmospheric Phase ...

A set of coupled ocean-atmosphere(-vegetation) simulations using state of the art climate models is now available for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the MidHolocene (MH) through the second phase of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP2). Here we quantify the latitudinal shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the tropical regions during borea...

An ion interaction model has been described for simulating positive ion tracks in a variety of media with the capability of interfacing with several secondary electron transport codes. Data are presented for single-and double-differential cross-sections, binding energies, probability density distribution for delocalisation parameters for conductors and tissue, branching ratios and ionisation ef...

New particle formation during α-and β-pinene oxidation Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions New particle formation during α-and β-pinene oxidation by O 3 , OH and NO 3 , and the influence of water vapour: particle size distribution studies Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstra...

A computational framework is developed for applying interfacial kinetic transport theory to predict water vapour permeability of porous media. Modified conservation equations furnish spatially periodic disturbances from which the average flux and, thus, the effective diffusivity is obtained. The equations are solved exactly for a model porous medium comprising parallel layers of gas and solid w...