Interrelationships between pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in air, soil, water, sediment, and tree leaves by using multi-media monitoring data. Concurrent concentration measurements were taken bimonthly for a year for the multi-media at urban and suburban sites. PAH level correlations between air and other media were observed at the urban site but were less clear...

In the UK most waterborne disease-causing micro-organisms found in surface waters and groundwater are spread by the microbiological contamination of water by faeces or urine originating from humans or animals. The main threats are cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, infectious hepatitis, leptospirosis, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis and amoebic and bacillary dysentery. The ability of soils and u...

The presence of human pharmaceutical compounds in surface waters is an emerging issue in environmental science. In this study the occurrence and behavior of human pharmaceuticals in a variety of wastewater treatment processes is reviewed. Although some groups are not affected by sewage treatment processes others are amenable to degradation, albeit incomplete. While water purification techniques...

The 90Sr and 137Cs contamination in Polish surface waters has been monitoring since 1994. Surface water samples from six lakes and the Vistula and Oder Rivers were collected in spring and autumn 2012 and 2013. The mean 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations were 3.92 ± 0.40 and 4.49 ± 2.00 mBq L-1, respectively. Correlations were identified between the radionuclide concentrations and meteorological cond...

Schistosomiasis is among the most neglected tropical diseases, since its mode of spreading tends to limit the contamination to people who are in contact with contaminated waters in endemic countries. Here we report the in vitro and in vivo anti-schistosomal activities of trioxaquines. These hybrid molecules are highly active on the larval forms of the worms and exhibit different modes of action...

Contamination of surface waters with fecal bacteria from grazinglands is a component of nonpoint source agricultural pollution. Methods are needed to limit the movement of fecal bacteria from grazinglands into surface water. We used two experimental watersheds to test for impact of cattle on total coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria numbers. Grazing cattle elevated these microbe numbers...

Tannery effluent is a major source of aquatic pollution in India. Hexavalent chromium compounds are being used in a wide variety of commercial processes and unregulated disposal of the chromium containing effluent has led to the contamination of soil, sediment, surface and ground waters. In trace amounts, chromium is considered an essential nutrient for numerous organisms, but at higher level, ...

Large amounts of rubber particles are dispersed into the environment due to tire wear. The rubber contains a wide range of chemicals, including several of environmental concern. The purpose of this thesis, which is based on six papers [I–VI], was to assess the ecotoxicological hazard and risk associated with tire wear particles, with a main focus on the aquatic environment. A method was develop...

Most ocean color algorithms are designed for optically deep waters, where the seafloor has little or no effect on remote sensing reflectance. This can lead to inaccurate retrievals of inherent optical properties (IOPs) in optically shallow water environments. Here, we investigate in situ hyperspectral bottom reflectance signatures and their separability for coral reef waters, when observed at t...

The Alcantara River estuary was studied to obtain the first data on both water quality and ecological status of the only River Park in Sicily (Italy). Water samples were seasonally collected from three selected stations in the estuarine area and from one station at the mouth of the estuary in the marine coastal zone. Picoplankton and picophytoplankton counts were among the highest observed in e...