a Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062-1346, USA, email: [email protected] b BioSonics, Inc., 4027 Leary Way NW, Seattle, Washington 98107, USA, email: [email protected] c US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, CEERD-EE-C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, USA, email:[email protected] d ReMetrix LLC, 11550 N. Meri...

There is archaeological evidence that coal was used in the Bronze Age, 3,000-4,000 years ago, in ancient China and in Roman Britain. But over the millennia, while human and animal labour and wood burning were the principal energy sources, coal played a minor role. In the pre-industrial age, reflected in the novels of Thomas Hardy and the paintings of the Old Masters, energy supply was local and...

Virtual-pipeline is an alternative method of transporting natural gas to places where there are no pipeline networks available. It is based on a modular system of compression or liquefaction, transport and decompression and/or regasification of natural gas, which communities, industries, gas stations and others can use. In virtual-pipelines compressed/liquefied natural gas is transported by var...

Abstract As alien invasive species are a key driver of biodiversity loss, understanding patterns rapidly changing global compositions depends upon knowledge population dynamics and trends at large scales. Within this context, the Ponto-Caspian region is among most notable donor regions for aquatic in Europe. Using macroinvertebrate time series collected over 52 years (1968–2020) 265 sites acros...

The volume of maritime traffic is increasing with the growing global trade demand. effect growth especially observed in narrow and congested waterways as an increase ship-ship encounters, which can have severe consequences such collision. This study aims to analyze validate patterns risky encounters provide a framework for visualization model variables explore patterns. Ship–ship interaction da...