We show with simulation experiments that closed-loop phase-diversity can be used without numerical guard-bands for wavefront sensing of low-order wavefronts from extended objects using broad-band filters. This may allow realtime correction at high bandwidth for certain applications. We also present a proper maximum likelihood treatment of Shack–Hartman data, which includes an imaging model to e...

In vivo imaging of the mouse retina using visible and near infrared wavelengths does not achieve diffraction-limited resolution due to wavefront aberrations induced by the eye. Considering the pupil size and axial dimension of the eye, it is expected that unaberrated imaging of the retina would have a transverse resolution of 2 microm. Higher-order aberrations in retinal imaging of human can be...

Wavefront shaping allows for ultimate control of light propagation in multiple-scattering media by adaptive manipulation of incident waves. We shine two separate wavefront-shaped beams on a layer of dry white paint to create two enhanced output spots of equal intensity. We experimentally confirm by interference measurements that the output spots are almost correlated like the two outputs of an ...

The oscillating motions of a wavefront on a twodimensional (2D) switch line, i.e., a transmission line periodically loaded with electronic switches (the switch is open for voltages greater than a fixed threshold and closed otherwise), are discussed. In a twodimensional switch line, the amplitude of the wavefront decays more rapidly than in a one-dimensional switch line, and the oscillation freq...

Models that invoke nonlinear wavefront propagation in a chemically excitable medium are rife in the biological literature. Indeed, the idea that wavefront propagation can serve as a signaling mechanism has often been invoked to explain synchronization of developmental processes. In this paper we suggest a kind of signaling based not on diffusion of a chemical species but on the propagation of m...

We describe the mapping of the optical transfer function (OTF) of an incoherent imaging system into a geometrical representation. We show that for defocused traditional and wavefront-coded systems the OTF can be represented as a generalized Cornu spiral. This representation provides a physical insight into the way in which wavefront coding can increase the depth of field of an imaging system an...

Lower order aberrations are another way to describe refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, correctible with glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery. Lower order aberrations is a term used in wavefront technology to describe second-order Zernike polynomials. Second-order Zernike terms represent the conventional aberrations defocus (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism). Lower o...

Existing state-of-the-art schemes for dynamic repartitioning of adaptive meshes can be classiied as either diiusion-based schemes or scratch-remap schemes. We present a new scratch-remap scheme called Locally-Matched Multilevel Scratch-Remap (or simply LMSR). The LMSR scheme tries to compute a partitioning that has a high overlap with the existing partitioning. We show that LMSR decreases the a...

For imaging faint exoplanets and disks, a coronagraph-equipped observatory needs focal plane wavefront correction to recover high contrast. The most efficient correction methods iteratively estimate the stellar electric field and suppress it with active optics. The estimation requires several images from the science camera per iteration. To maximize the science yield, it is desirable both to ha...

PURPOSE To assess wavefront derived refraction and full eye biometry including ciliary muscle dimension and full eye axial geometry in pseudophakic eyes using spectral domain OCT equipped with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. METHODS Twenty-eight adult subjects (32 pseudophakic eyes) having recently undergone cataract surgery were enrolled in this study. A custom system combining two optica...