www.pharmtech.com he number of parenteral products entering development and reaching the market has increased significantly during the past decade. By some estimates as many as half of all investigational new drug applications consist of biopharmaceuticals, the vast majority of which are manufactured aseptically. Most of these products are proteins and therefore highly susceptible to microbial ...

of Superconductor-Isolator-Superconductor Mixers and Its Effect on Mixing Performance Wenlei SHAN, Mingjye WANG, Shengcai SHI, Yoshihisa IRIMAJIRI and Takeshi NOGUCHI Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Nobeyama, Nagano 384-1305, Japan Purple Mountain Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories of China, Nanjing 210008, China Institute of Astronomy and A...

Most control techniques in the structural engineering literature are aimed at improving performance of the primary structural part, but they may have limited or reverse effect on the nonstructural component during strong seismic events. In this paper, we emphasize the nonstructural performance using a cubic nonlinear active control system optimized in the frequency response functions of an SDOF...

An Er"+-doped fiber ring laser with unidirectional operation without optical isolator has been investigated for different cavity conditions. The fiber ring laser cavity is built in such a way that the optical fields propagating in the two directions suffer different losses. As a consequence, the laser oscillation appears in a quasi-unidirectional form. By incorporating a fiber pigtailed bandpas...

The seismic design of bridge structure is influenced by the bi-directional excitation phenomenon. The bi-directional effects have been ignored in most of the past studies. The calculation of maximum isolator displacements (as per the equation prescribed by AASHTO) also ignores the bi-directional effects of ground motion. In the formulation, the coupled behaviour of the isolation systems has als...

Flow inside the isolator of a scramjet engine is likely to be in thermal non-equilibrium due to successive shock-based compressions and expansions. Given the short flow-through timescales in such engines, the flow might not reach equilibrium even in the fuel injection region. Since the distribution of energy in the internal modes affects chemical reactions, non-equilibrium has been shown to hav...

Reducing the radiated noise from ships is becoming increasingly important as ship -builders aim to reduce the disturbance to marine life, passengers and crew. A major contributor is on-board machinery which typically radiates noise to the water column from both structure-borne and air-borne transmission paths. Problematic machinery is often decoupled from the hull by supporting it on resilient ...

A compact all-fiber Faraday isolator and a Faraday mirror are demonstrated. At the core of each of these components is an all-fiber Faraday rotator made of a 4-cm-long, 65-wt%-terbium-doped silicate fiber. The effective Verdet constant of the terbium-doped fiber is measured to be -32 rad/(Tm), which is 27 x larger than that of silica fiber. This effective Verdet constant is the largest value me...

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dari perhitungan respons peserta didik terhadap pengembangan e-modul praktikum IPA pada materi konduktor dan isolator. bertujuan untuk mengetahui yang telah dinyatakan layak di uji coba. Respons diukur dengan menggunakan angket respons. Angket digunakan validitas reliabiltasnya terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. Uji dilakukan 4 ahli instrumen mengu...

A light, compact optical isolator using an atomic vapor in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is presented. Absolute transmission spectra for experiment and theory through an isotopically pure 87Rb vapor cell show excellent agreement for fields of 0.6 T. We show π/4 rotation for a linearly polarized beam in the vicinity of the D2 line and achieve an isolation of 30 dB with a transmission >95%.