Formation of sub-galactic halos is suppressed in warm dark matter (WDM) model due to thermal motion of WDM particles. This may provide a natural resolution to some puzzles in standard cold dark matter (CDM) theory such as the cusped density profiles of virialized dark halos and the overabundance of low mass satellites. One of the observational tests of the WDM model is to measure the gravitatio...

We demonstrate fiber nonlinearity mitigation by using multiple optical phase conjugations (OPCs) in the WDM transmission systems of both 8 × 32-Gbaud PDM QPSK channels and 8 × 32-Gbaud PDM 16-QAM channels, showing improved performance over a single mid-span OPC and no OPC in terms of nonlinear threshold and a best achievable Q2 factor after transmission. In addition, after an even nu...

Metro WDM networks play an important role in the emerging Internet hierarchy; they interconnect the backbone WDM networks and the local access networks. The current SONET/SDH–over–WDM–ring metro networks are expected to become a serious bottleneck — the so–called metro gap — as they are faced with an increasing amount of bursty data traffic and quickly increasing bandwidths in the backbone netw...

Wavelength-division multiplexing has emerged as an important physical layer technology. Optical transmission provides a physical layer capable of carrying bits at the speed of the order of a gigabit per second. Optical burst switching is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional WDM deployment, such as lack of fine bandwidth granularity in wavelength routing and electronic speed bot...

Optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networking technology has been identified as a suitable candidate for future wide area network (WAN) environments, due to its potential ability to meet rising demands of high bandwidth and low latency communication. Networking protocols and algorithms are being developed to meet the changing operational requirements in future optical WANs (OWAN). S...

The need for on-demand provisioning of wavelength routed channels with service differentiated offerings within the transport layer has become more essential due to the recent emergence of high bit rate IP network applications such as multimedia conferencing systems, video on demand systems, real-time control systems, etc. Diverse optical transport network architectures have been proposed in ord...

In recent years, concern over the use of lead-based ammunition for hunting has been growing, primarily due to consumption of discarded offal by scavengers and donated game meat for human consumption. While there are alternative bullet technologies on the market that are suitable for hunting, these alternatives have not been adequately researched and tested for use in professional wildlife damag...

Conventional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems utilize narrowband coherent laser diodes as light source. These laser diodes are normally fabricated to be tunable over a wide range of wavelengths. With an increasing number of WDM channels, the number of laser diodes is also increasing and consequently the costs. Especially in the access network the use of spectral slicers is an attr...

We demonstrate 4-channel WDM-PON with 50 GHz channel spacing based on wavelength locked F-P LDs. The transmission bit rate and the length between the CO and the subscriber is 155 Mb/s and 20 km, respectively. The proposed WDM-PON can accommodate 80 channels with EDFA based broadband light source.

We provide feasibility study of building a 1 Tb/s (16×4.375 Gbaud) Pol-Mux 256-QAM, 10 km link using WDM and OTDM. WDM meets the SNR requirement, but OTDM does not and has to reduce tributary count. © 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.2330) Fiber optics communications; (060.4080) Modulation; (060.4230) Multiplexing