or the past 65 years, the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), has engaged in open and efficient sharing of information, viruses, and responsibilities. The GISRS’s extraordinary longevity can be attributed to several generations of dedicated scientists and to the engagement of over 100 countries, often with limited resour...

Until recently it would have been unusual to consider classifying population movements and refugees as security problem. However, efforts at shaping our world to make ourselves secure have paradoxically led to ever greater insecurity. The feeling of uncertainty, pertinent throughout all discourses of security, has led to the creation of security production into seemingly benign routines of ever...

The total dominator coloring of a graph is the such that each object (vertex or edge) adjacent incident to every some color class. minimum number classes called chromatic graph. In (A.P. Kazemi, F. Kazemnejad and S. Moradi, Contrib. Discrete Math. (2022).), authors initiated study found useful results, presented problems. Finding numbers cycles paths were two them which we consider here.