The melanocortin system is a critical pathway in the regulation of energy balance. In this study, we analyzed the peripheral effects of the synthetic melanocortin agonist melanotan-II (MT-II) in rodents fed a low-fat or high-fat diet. MT-II-treated high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice lost weight and body fat, whereas MT-II-treated low-fat-fed mice maintained their original body weight. Speci...

AIM The clinical significance of energy expenditure (EE) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. Here we analyzed the relationships between EE and clinical measurements in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving diet therapy. METHODS A total of 100 patients (34 women and 66 men) with type 2 diabetes admitted to our hospital for glycemic control were enrolled. The pa...

The purpose of this experiment was to clarify the effects of dietary protein levels on the gonadal development and sex hormones in male rats kept under constant darkness as a model of disturbed daily rhythm. Four-week-old male rats (Fischer 344 strain) were kept under constant darkness or normal lighting (12-h light/dark cycle). Two kinds of experimental diet were prepared, one with low dietary...

OBJECTIVE To report trends in underweight, overweight and obesity in 12-15-year-old adolescents and examine changes in dieting behaviour, which have been less well documented. DESIGN Comparison of two independent representative cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Northern Ireland. SUBJECTS Weight and height were objectively measured in 1324 boys and 1160 girls in 1996 and 1274 boys and 1374 ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related to obesity and insulin resistance. Currently, medical interventions for NAFLD have focused on diet control and exercise to reduce body weight, and there is a requirement for effective pharmacological therapies. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are oral antidi...

BACKGROUND Diet-induced weight loss is accompanied by adaptive thermogenesis, ie, a disproportional or greater than expected reduction of resting metabolic rate (RMR). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether adaptive thermogenesis is sustained during weight maintenance after weight loss. DESIGN Subjects were 22 men and 69 women [mean ± SD age: 40 ± 9 y; body mass index (B...

BACKGROUND It is not clear whether varying the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of weight-loss diets benefits body composition or metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of 2 weight-loss diets differing in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and markers of bone turnover. DESIGN A parallel design included either a high-protein ...

this experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels guar meal and β-mannanase on broilers male chicken. in this experiment , four hundred ross day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 4×2 factorial design to feed broiler chickens diets containing guar meal at 4 level of guar meal (0, 3, 6 and 9%) with five replications of each treatment with or without β-mannana...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal-fetal genetic histocompatibility and the association of that condition with maternal undernutrition regarding fetal growth and litter size. STUDY DESIGN Fetuses that were either syngeneic or allogeneic with the mothers were bred, using mice of well-defined syngeneic strains (A/J and Balb/c). Pregnant mice were fed usi...