In the previous two lectures, I tried to explain in detail that the paradigm of Kampo is basically different from that of modern Western medicine, focusing especially on the concept of Sho. Kampo has been developed to cope with Sho, not with the disease entities understood in terms of modern Western medicine. Thus, there is little point asking, for example, ‘Are there any Kampo remedies effecti...

The worldwide clinical implementation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is increasing as complementary therapy to Western Medicine. This development leads to an increasing demand to evaluate not only the scientific proof of efficacy, but also to measure the quality of life (QOL) concepts specific to TCM. This article attempts to 1) review the relevant published literature (indexed in Medlin...

the term massage comes from the french verb” masser” which means to rub. in greek, it comes from the word “masso” which means to rub with the hands. massage therapy has been very common among different nations since antiquity. in iranian traditional medicine, the word “dalk” has been used with the meaning of massage. among various functions known for giving massage that used for the athletes re...

Global health-care models for developing countries urge integration of traditional medicine with Western biomedicine. This article shows how residents of a remote Peruvian village negotiate among biomedicine, traditional medicine, lay indigenous medicine, and local knowledge of medicinal plants. Villagers’ health-care choices reveal that they often resort to medicinal plants before modern pharm...

conclusions in addition to the modern medical diagnostic methods, indigenous knowledge of folk medicine, especially folk orthopedics, with a little thought, guidance and planning can be considered as an appropriate therapeutic method in order to raise the level of public health without any side effects. background medical anthropology is the comprehensive intercultural systematic study of healt...