The burgeoning of slums in the developing world poses an urgent environmental threat due to insanitary conditions and rampant disposal of wastewater. To assess the potential environmental impacts, domestic wastewater from Ghana's biggest urban slum Old Fadama was characterised throughout the dry and wet seasons. The study drew on a comprehensive assessment of the general sanitary conditions in ...

The effects of natural variability, especially El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects, have been the focus of several recent studies on the change of drought patterns with climate change. The interannual relationship between ENSO and the global climate is not stationary and can be modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). However, the global land distribution of the dry-wet chang...

[1] A large increase in near-infrared (NIR) reflectance of Amazon forests during the light-rich dry season and a corresponding decrease during the light-poor wet season has been observed in satellite measurements. This increase has been variously interpreted as seasonal change in leaf area resulting from net leaf flushing in the dry season or net leaf abscission in the wet season, enhanced phot...

A new wet/dry sensor was developed by the satellite-based pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tag manufacturer to determine the wet and dry status of a tag, designed to indicate whether or not to initiate uplink transmissions to overhead satellites to extend tag battery life. We discovered that the wet/dry sensor can also be used to measure the salinity of coastal waters after we recovered a PAT...

The aging resistance properties of poplar plywood prepared with soy protein-based adhesives were investigated. The shear strength of soybean meal/bisphenol epoxy resin (SM/EP) adhesive increased by 197.5% (surface layer) to 1.19 MPa and 153.5% (core layer) to 1.09 MPa compared to soybean meal (SM) adhesive. Wet-dry cycles of 25 ± 3 °C, 63 ± 2 °C, and 95 ± 2 °C accelerated the aging of poplar pl...

Many animals move within ground composed of granular media (GM); the resistive properties of such substrates can depend on water content and compaction, but little is known about how such parameters affect locomotion or the physics of drag and penetration. Using apparatus to control compaction of GM, our recent studies of movement in dry GM have revealed locomotion strategies of specialized dry...

BACKGROUND A new device for sterile docking, the Compodock (Fresenius NPBI Transfusion Technology), was developed for connecting PVC tubing for medical use while maintaining sterility. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sterility of the connections was assessed by welding tubing with a heavy exterior contamination with Bacillus subtilis spores and also by welding in an environment contaminated with aer...

The mixing behaviors of dry and wet granular materials in gas fluidized bed systems were investigated computationally using the combined Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). Dry particles were observed to mix fairly rapidly during the fluidization process due to vigorous relative motions between particles induced by the flow of gas. In contrast, due to the presenc...

This study evaluated the effect of water on dentin substrate bonding of one-bottle self-etching adhesives. Dentin substrates were divided into two groups: wet and dry dentin. Wet dentin is the normal substrate for bond testing whereas dry dentin was dehydrated in a desiccator for 24 hours. Bonded dehydrated teeth were then divided into two subgroups: stored in water or in desiccator for 24 hour...