The formation mechanism of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with a wet-chemical reduction method using sodium acrylate as a dual reducing and capping agent was investigated with various analytical techniques. The time course of the state of the reaction solution was investigated using UV-vis and XAFS spectroscopies which showed that the NP formation rate increased with increasing concentratio...

Optically active and electrically excitable erbium complexes on silicon are made by wet-chemical synthesis. The single-crystalline Er–Si–O compound is formed by coating a Si(100) substrate with an ErCl3/ethanol solution, followed by rapid thermal oxidation and annealing. Room-temperature Er-related 1.53 mm photoluminescence is observed with a peak linewidth as small as 4 meV. The complexes can ...

There are basically two ways to etch silicon: dry and wet chemical etching. In micromachining, the control of the shape of the structure is accomplished by anisotropic etching through mask openings. The anisotropy of wet chemical etching is related to the crystal structure of silicon, while that of dry etching stems from the momentum of ions impinging the substrate. The latter gives us much mor...

Experimental profiles of stable species mole fractions are reported for ethanol oxidation in a Variable Pressure Flow Reactor (VPFR) at initial temperatures of 800-950K and constant pressures of 3 to 12atm. A detailed mechanism for ethanol combustion is developed in a hierarchical manner, and at each level, the newly added portions of the mechanism are tested by thorough comparison of model pre...

To be regarded as environmentally friendly and economical, an industrial process using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation requires recycling and/or recovery of chemicals. In this work, hypochlorite recycling via electrolysis was evaluated and potential means for TEMPO recovery were explored. The most important variable affecting electrochemical hypochlorite conversion was th...

The wet oxidation of pharmaceutical sludge for the treatment and production value-added materials was investigated. experiments were carried out in a stainless-steel autoclave reactor with chemical synthetic sludge. highest removal rate total suspended solids (90.1%) volatile (98.4%) achieved at 260 °C 60 min an initial oxygen pressure 0.8 MPa. Simultaneously, demand (78.7%) soluble (81.6%) obt...

chemical oxidation is one of the most suitable treatment methods for reducing organic pollutants and the number of pathogens remaining in secondary effluents. ozone is the most powerful oxidizing agent commonly used because of it's many advantages over chlorination. in this study the efficiency of ozonation in advanced wastewater treatment of sahebgharanieh plant has been determined. ozone gene...

In alloyed nanoparticles, synergistic electronic and/or geometric effects may enhance the catalytic properties compared to their monometallic counterparts. Herein, we address synthesis of bimetallic Au/Cu nanoparticles with different compositions by wet chemical reduction in ionic liquids. The were successively supported on carbon. liquid could be recycled after synthesis. Annealing carbon-supp...

Abstract Ferrate is recently known as a green agent since it provides simultaneously oxidation, coagulation, and disinfection processes for water treatment without harm to the natural environment. However, its application in aquaculture wastewater still rarely found. In this study, chemical wet oxidation method was utilized synthesize solid ferrate which then applied treatment. The samples were...