We examine the question of whether fluids and crystals are differentiated on the basis of their zero frequency shear moduli or their limiting zero frequency shear viscosity. We show that while fluids, in contrast with crystals, do have a zero value for their shear modulus, in contradiction to a widespread presumption, a crystal does not have an infinite or exceedingly large value for its limiti...

We apply a modified scaling of viscosity with residual entropy in a manner analogous to that proposed by Rosenfeld (1977). We consider the viscosity-entropy scaling for a reference fluid (refrigerant R124 (1-chloro-1,2,2,2tetrafluoroethane) ), and demonstrate that the viscosity for many other refrigerants scales with residual entropy in a similar manner. Finally, we use a corresponding-states f...

The quality of veterinary vaccines is monitored by physicochemical, microbiological and biological tests. Two of the most important physicochemical parameters are viscosity and density, which are determined in the three different types of matrices: emulsions, suspensions and solvents. Viscosity, known as internal friction or viscose medium, is a feature of fluids and plastic solids characterize...

BACKGROUND The currently low implantation rate after embryo transfer (ET) is partially attributed to technical aspects, such as catheter type, catheter load, placement of catheter tip and physician skills. METHODS Mock ET simulations were conducted with a transparent laboratory model of the uterine cavity. The catheter was loaded with alternating air and coloured liquid media. The transfer pr...

The use of ®rst-principles molecular dynamics to calculate the viscosity of liquid metals using the Green±Kubo relations is described. The ®rst-principles techniques are based on density functional theory, the pseudopotential approximation, and plane-wave basis sets. The statistical-mechanical basis of the Green±Kubo relations is summarised, and extensive ®rst-principles molecular dynamics simu...

the density and viscosity values at t= (293.15 to 323.15) k for binary mixtures of nitromethane with 2-propanol, 2-butanol and 2-pentanol were measured over the entire composition range. from the experimental data, excess molar volumes, thermal expansion coefficients, excess thermal expansions, partial molar volumes at infinite dilution and deviations in viscosity were calculated. the results w...

The dynamic crossover behavior of supercooled water as described by the first-principle based WAIL potential was investigated. Below the second liquid-liquid critical point, the viscosity shows a discontinuous jump consistent with a first-order phase transition between the high density liquid and the low density liquid. Above the critical point, a continuous transition occurs with only the firs...