Introduction A recent innovation in support of the final segment of the immunization supply chain is licensing certain vaccines for use in a controlled temperature chain (CTC), which allows excursions into ambient temperatures up to 40°C for a specific number of days immediately prior to administration. However, limited evidence exists on CTC economics to inform investments for labeling other e...

rice plants are injured at the seedling stage in early spring in northern iran. in order to study rice response to cold stress, the expression of osdreb1a, osap37, osmyb3r-2, and osnac6 genes encoding transcription factors was observed in 14-day-old seedlings of cold-tolerant genotype pr and cold-sensitive cv. hashemi during cold stress (5°c for 24 h) using the differential display method and t...

Al-5Mg-0.8Mn alloys (AA5083) with various iron and silicon contents were cast under near-rapid cooling and rolled into sheets. The aim was to study the feasibility of minimizing the deteriorating level of the harmful Fe-rich phases on the mechanical properties through refining the intermetallics by significantly increasing the casting rate. The results showed that the size and density of the in...

This in vitro study evaluated the color stability, gloss, and surface roughness (Ra) of four indirect composites. Enamel and dentin shades of Radica, Sculpture Plus, Belleglass-NG, and Gradia Indirect were evaluated for color stability. Specimens were stored in a staining solution (coffee) and assessed every 3 days for a period of 21 days, after which color difference (∆E*) was calculated. Only...

background: for all the reports on the association between seasons and coronary artery disease, there is a paucity of information on the possible effects of seasonal variations on the outcome of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (cabg). the aim of this study was to assess the short-term outcome of post-cabg patients in the four different seasons to find any correlation betw...

RECENTL Y we reported that. in human liver transplantation, a preservation period of greater than 20 hours caused the rate of graft failure to increase nonlinearly.l Even with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. there is a finite limit to the permissible time of cold storage of livers. In this study, we investigated whether microcirculatory disturbance during and after preservation is correl...

Increasing interest in cryopreservation of dormant buds reveals the need for better understanding of the role of dormancy in cryotolerance. Dormancy stage and low-temperature survival of vegetative apple buds (Malus domestica Borkh.), cultivars 'Sampion' and 'Spartan', collected from orchard were evaluated during three seasons contrasting in temperature and precipitation throughout the arrested...

We investigate the response of a climate system model to two different methods for estimating snow cover fraction. In the control case, snow cover fraction changes gradually with snow depth; in the alternative scenarios (one with prescribed vegetation and one with dynamic vegetation), snow cover fraction initially increases with snow depth almost twice as fast as the control method. In cases wh...

The evaluation of graft function at various stages after transplantation is relevant, particularly at the moment of organ harvest, when a decision must be made whether to use the organ. Autofluorescence spectroscopy is noninvasive technique to monitor the metabolic condition of a liver graft throughout its course, from an initial evaluation in the donor, through cold ischemia transportation, to...