nowadays, transportation sector consumes about 27 percent of the whole energy in iran. therefore, after domestic and business sectors which consume about 40 percent of the whole energy, transportation is placed in the second rank. however, the financial value of transportation is of the highest importance. moreover, having 55percent of gasoline product consumption transportation has been also r...

The history of zoo animal welfare legislation extends back to 1876, and is often tied to general animal welfare regulations. As knowledge and societal values have changed, so have the focus of zoos and the regulations governing them. Today, the issues involved in zoo animal welfare are complex and broad-based. Building on the basic welfare tenets of adequate feed, water, shelter, sanitation and...

This paper aims to introduce issues that relate regulation and innovation in the telecommunications industry. We try to address the following question: which types of regulatory schemes are likely to promote innovation in a fast-growing telecommunications industry? The first section analyses ex ante control by sector specific regulation and ex post control by competition policies. The second se...

to increase the safety of structures against strong ground motions and their life due to environmental issues on the earth and saving in terms of materials, it is necessary to expand and upgrade seismic resistant systems. however, more cost-effective systems which have sufficient influence on the seismic performance of structures and also more compatibility with the regional conditions, will be...

the study on water level fluctuation in the urmia lake has become of a great importance in recent years. this is due to the importance of the position of this lake as a natural heritage at an international level. the water level decrease at the urmia lake during the recent years has made it necessary to address the matter more than before. investigation and assessment of changes in the lake is ...

Environmental education focusing on sustainability should be integrated into the elementary curriculum. Learning experiences should include home learning projects that are relevant to the students, involve active participation, and stimulate discussions with their families. Students can use their knowledge and skills to influence the attitudes and behavior of their parents and other community m...