A postmortem case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) with a history of remission and exacerbation of neurological signs and symptoms, resembling those of multiple sclerosis is reported. MRI analysis revealed lesions in the periventricular white matter in addition to atrophy of the thoracic spinal cord, characteristic of HAM/TSP. The cerebral periventricular...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine whether occult disease fluctuates with macroscopic lesions during the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether therapeutic interventions affect occult disease, we performed serial monthly magnetization transfer (MT) imaging in patients with relapsing-remitting MS in a crossover trial with interferon beta-lb. METHODS Serial whole-brain magnetiz...

The natural circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) typically includes a nocturnal decrease of 10% to 20% in BP compared with daytime, awake values.1,2 However, in as many as 25% to 35% of hypertensive patients, there is a moderate-to-marked loss of this decline in nocturnal BP, a phenomenon that has been associated with excessive cardiac,3 renal,4 and cerebrovascular5 target organ damage. In a...

PURPOSE Reports of serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hypoglycemic encephalopathy were limited because MRI is not routinely performed in these patients. Here we present one patient with a history of hypoglycemic encephalopathy and discuss sequential neuroimaging findings. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old male mistakenly took oral hypoglycemic agents developed hypoglycemic encephalopathy. Imm...

Cerebral MR was performed in three patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. In each case, a 1.5-T system was used, and the patient was under general anesthesia. The MR findings included confluent hyperintense white matter lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter of the centrum semiovale, with sparing of the subcortical U fibers. The topography of the white matter abnormalities correl...

It has been hypothesized that white matter lesions at different locations may have different etiology and clinical consequences. Several approaches for the quantification of local white matter lesion load have been proposed in the literature, most of which rely on a distinction between lesions in a periventricular region close to the ventricles and a subcortical zone further away. In this work ...

Silent brain infarct and white matter lesions are common radiological findings associated with the risk of clinical stroke and dementia; however, our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology and risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to determine whether assessment of retinal microvascular abnormalities could provide prognostic information regarding the risk of brain infarct an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional MR imaging shows evidence of brain injury and/or maldevelopment in 70%-90% of children with cerebral palsy (CP), though its capability to identify specific white matter tract injury is limited. The great variability of white matter lesions in CP already demonstrated by postmortem studies is thought to be one of the reasons why response to treatment is so vari...

In a patient with features indicating the presence of pseudotumor cerebri, a negative cranial CT-scan is not adequate to rule out less benign pathology and an MRI of brain should be performed. In this study, a 10-year old boy with daily headaches for one month and diplopia for one week was found to have a partial abducens palsy and bilateral papilledema; otherwise, his examination was normal. A...