As an effective means of providing power to remote and off-grid areas developing countries, where rural electrification problems are most common, hybrid renewable energy systems considered. HOMER simulated configured wind turbine, photovoltaic, battery bank, converter for the electricity demand Mander community, which has 37 families with household sizes 7 members, as a village in Northern Iraq...

Observations of interstellar scintillations at radio wavelengths reveal a Kolmogorovlike scaling of the electron density spectrum with a spectral slope of −5/3 over six decades in wavenumber space. A similar turbulent density spectrum in the solar wind plasma has been reported. The energy transfer process in the magnetized solar wind plasma over such extended length-scales remains an unresolved...

We report a hybrid energy cell that can simultaneously or individually harvest wind, solar, and chemical energies to power some electronic devices. By utilizing the wind driven relative rotations between a polytetrafluoroethylene film and an etched Al film attached on two acrylic tubes, the fabricated triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can deliver an open-circuit voltage of about 90 V, a short-...

the performance of a plug flow electrocoagulation reactor for the treatment of cattle abattoir(slaughterhouse) wastewater was investigated. a cylindrical iron reactor was operated as a cathode at arecycling batch mode while three iron rods located at the center of the reactor were used as an anode. theeffects of different parameters, including the current density, the supporting electrolyte dos...

We estimate the bulk Lorentz factor 0 of 31 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using the measured peak time of their afterglow light curves. We consider two possible scenarios for the estimate of 0: the case of a homogeneous circumburst medium or a wind density profile. The values of 0 are broadly distributed between few tens and several hundreds with average values ∼138 and ∼66 for the homogeneous and wi...

Primary refined coarse softwood thermomechanical pulp was treated with alkaline peroxide prior to low-consistency (LC) refining. The effects of the pre-treatments on pulp quality, refinability, and electrical energy consumption were assessed. Four pre-treatments were conducted with alkali charges of 2.5 and 6% and peroxide charges of 3 and 4%. The pulps were refined to specific energies up to 6...

We formulate, solve computationally and study experimentally the problem of collecting solar energy in three dimensions. We demonstrate that absorbers and reflectors can be combined in the absence of sun tracking to build three-dimensional photovoltaic (3DPV) structures that can generate measured energy densities (energy per base area, kWh/m) higher by a factor of 2–20 than stationary flat PV p...

A new maximum power extraction (MPE) controller for variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy conversion systems (WECS) is proposed. The proposed controller generates optimum speed reference signal for the speed control loop of the vector controlled machine side converter control system without requiring the knowledge of wind speed using only active power and air ...

NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) and PM (Particular Matter) emitted from diesel engines are one of the causes of air pollution. In this research, NOx removal performance from simulated diesel exhaust gas by Townsend type DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) and filamentary type DBD was investigated. As the results, it became apparent that (1) NO concentration decreased with the increase of specific input en...

In Mexico, the economic and industrial development is in center north; this represents more than 50% of country’s total consumption. Data on population energy consumption will be obtained from following sources: National Institute Geography Statistics (INEGI), Energy Information System. Regarding meteorological data, two databases are used: Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) (for solar irradiance...